Introduction to Digital Communications
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Transcript of Introduction to Digital Communications
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Francisco J. Escribano, 2014-15
DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS
Block 1
Introduction to Digital Communications
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Digital Communications: introduction
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Digital Communications: introduction
COMMUNICATIONTHEORY
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Digital Communications: introduction
COMMUNICATIONTHEORY
BASICCONCEPTS
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Digital Communications: introduction
COMMUNICATIONTHEORY
DIGITALCOMMUNICATIONS
BASICCONCEPTS
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Digital Communications: introduction
COMMUNICATIONTHEORY
DIGITALCOMMUNICATIONS
BASICCONCEPTS
ADVANCEDCONCEPTS
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Digital Communications: introduction
COMMUNICATIONTHEORY
DIGITALCOMMUNICATIONS
BASICCONCEPTS
ADVANCEDCONCEPTS
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Digital Communications: introduction
COMMUNICATIONTHEORY
DIGITALCOMMUNICATIONS
COMMUNICATIONSYSTEMS
BASICCONCEPTS
ADVANCEDCONCEPTS
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Digital Communications: introduction
COMMUNICATIONTHEORY
DIGITALCOMMUNICATIONS
MOBILECOMMUNICATIONS
COMMUNICATIONSYSTEMS
BASICCONCEPTS
ADVANCEDCONCEPTS
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Digital Communications: introduction
COMMUNICATIONTHEORY
DIGITALCOMMUNICATIONS
RADIATION ANDRADIOCOMMUNICATION
MOBILECOMMUNICATIONS
COMMUNICATIONSYSTEMS
BASICCONCEPTS
ADVANCEDCONCEPTS
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Digital Communications: introduction
COMMUNICATIONTHEORY
COMMUNICATIONCIRCUITS
DIGITALCOMMUNICATIONS
RADIATION ANDRADIOCOMMUNICATION
MOBILECOMMUNICATIONS
COMMUNICATIONSYSTEMS
BASICCONCEPTS
ADVANCEDCONCEPTS
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Basic texts:
– Bernard Sklar, Digital Communications, 2001, Prentice Hall (Chapter 1).
– Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, 2001, Wiley (Background and preview).
– John G. Proakis, Digital Communications, 2008, McGraw-Hill (Chapter 1).
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Digital Communications: introduction● Logical/functional organization of communications ⇒ layers
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Digital Communications: introduction● Logical/functional organization of communications ⇒ layers
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Digital Communications: introduction● Logical/functional organization of communications ⇒ layers
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Digital Communications: introduction● Logical/functional organization of communications ⇒ layers
DataStream
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Digital Communications: introduction● Logical/functional organization of communications ⇒ layers
DataStream
DataStream
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Digital Communications: introduction● Logical/functional organization of communications ⇒ layers
MEDIUM
DataStream
DataStream
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Digital Communications: introduction● Logical/functional organization of communications ⇒ layers
MEDIUM
DataStream
DataStream
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Digital Communications: introduction● Logical/functional organization of communications ⇒ layers
PHY (1) PHY (1)
MEDIUM
DataStream
DataStream
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Digital Communications: introduction● Logical/functional organization of communications ⇒ layers
PHY (1)
MAC (2)(<DLL)
PHY (1)
MAC (2)(<DLL)
MEDIUM
DataStream
DataStream
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Digital Communications: introduction● Logical/functional organization of communications ⇒ layers
PHY (1)
MAC (2)(<DLL)
PHY (1)
MAC (2)(<DLL)
MEDIUM
DataStream
ControlControl
DataStream
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Digital Communications: introduction● Logical/functional organization of communications ⇒ layers
PHY (1)
MAC (2)(<DLL)
PHY (1)
MAC (2)(<DLL)
MEDIUM
DataStream
ControlControl
DataStream
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Digital Communications: introduction● Logical/functional organization of communications ⇒ layers
PHY (1)
MAC (2)(<DLL)
PHY (1)
MAC (2)(<DLL)
MEDIUM
DigitalCommunications
DataStream
ControlControl
DataStream
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Digital Communications: introduction● Logical/functional organization of communications ⇒ layers
PHY (1)
MAC (2)(<DLL)
PHY (1)
MAC (2)(<DLL)
MEDIUM
Telematics
DigitalCommunications
DataStream
ControlControl
DataStream
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Before proceeding further...– All this is about... transferring information
● Some issues:– Can we precisely define information?
– How can it and its quality be measured?
– Are there any limitations to the amount of information we can transfer?
● And the answer is...
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Before proceeding further...– All this is about... transferring information
● Some issues:– Can we precisely define information?
– How can it and its quality be measured?
– Are there any limitations to the amount of information we can transfer?
● And the answer is...
?
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Before proceeding further...– All this is about... transferring information
● Some issues:– Can we precisely define information?
– How can it and its quality be measured?
– Are there any limitations to the amount of information we can transfer?
● And the answer is...
INFORMATION THEORY (Block 2)
Source: Wikipedia
!
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Digital Communications: introduction● What are the main functions carried out at the physical layer?
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Digital Communications: introduction● What are the main functions carried out at the physical layer?
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Digital Communications: introduction● What are the main functions carried out at the physical layer?
WIFI CARD inADSL modem
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Digital Communications: introduction● What are the main functions carried out at the physical layer?
WIFI CARD inADSL modem
Radio frequency -RF(analog)
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Digital Communications: introduction● What are the main functions carried out at the physical layer?
WIFI CARD inADSL modem
Radio frequency -RF(analog)
Upperlayers (2,3...)
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Digital Communications: introduction● What are the main functions carried out at the physical layer?
WIFI CARD inADSL modem
Radio frequency -RF(analog)
Base-band
(digital)
Upperlayers (2,3...)
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Digital Communications: introduction● What are the main functions carried out at the physical layer?
WIFI CARD inADSL modem
Radio frequency -RF(analog)
Base-band
(digital)
Upperlayers (2,3...)
● Adaptation to the medium.● Information protection.● Sharing resources.● Signal generation.● Interface between RF and upper
layers.● Evaluation and compensation of
channel distortions.● …...........................................................
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Digital Communications: introduction● What are the main functions carried out at the physical layer?
WIFI CARD inADSL modem
Radio frequency -RF(analog)
Base-band
(digital)
Upperlayers (2,3...)
● Adaptation to the medium.● Information protection.● Sharing resources.● Signal generation.● Interface between RF and upper
layers.● Evaluation and compensation of
channel distortions.● …...........................................................
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
PHY (1) TX
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
PHY (1) TX
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
ModulationModulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
PHY (1) TX
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
ModulationModulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
Channel codingChannel coding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) TX
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
ModulationModulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
Channel codingChannel coding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) TX
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
ModulationModulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
Channel codingChannel coding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) TX
CHANNEL1
Performance (1)
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
ModulationModulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
Channel codingChannel coding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) TX
CHANNEL1
Performance (1)
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47
Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
ModulationModulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
Channel codingChannel coding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) TX
CHANNEL1
Performance (1)
CHANNEL2
Performance (2)
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
ModulationModulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
Channel codingChannel coding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) TX
CHANNEL1
Performance (1)
CHANNEL2
Performance (2)
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
ModulationModulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
Channel codingChannel coding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) TX
CHANNEL1
Performance (1)
CHANNEL2
Performance (2)
CHANNEL3
Performance (3)
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
ModulationModulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
Channel codingChannel coding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) TX
CHANNEL1
Performance (1)
CHANNEL2
Performance (2)
CHANNEL3
Performance (3) Design & evaluation:Information Theory (Block 2)
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
PHY (1) RX
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
PHY (1) RX
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
DemodulationDemodulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
PHY (1) RX
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
DemodulationDemodulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) RX
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
DemodulationDemodulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) RX
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
DemodulationDemodulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) RX
CHANNEL1
Performance (1)
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
DemodulationDemodulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) RX
CHANNEL1
Performance (1)
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
DemodulationDemodulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) RX
CHANNEL2
Performance (2)
CHANNEL1
Performance (1)
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
DemodulationDemodulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) RX
CHANNEL2
Performance (2)
CHANNEL1
Performance (1)
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
DemodulationDemodulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) RX
CHANNEL2
Performance (2)
CHANNEL1
Performance (1)
CHANNEL3
Performance (3)
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Digital Communications: introduction
● NOTE: conceptually separated operations.– Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
DemodulationDemodulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) RX
CHANNEL2
Performance (2)
CHANNEL1
Performance (1)
CHANNEL3
Performance (3)Design & evaluation:Information Theory (Block 2)
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Digital Communications: introduction● Additional operations at the PHY.
Source
Destination
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Digital Communications: introduction● Additional operations at the PHY.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
ModulationModulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
Channel codingChannel coding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) TX
Source
Destination
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Digital Communications: introduction● Additional operations at the PHY.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
ModulationModulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
Channel codingChannel coding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) TX
Encryption Source
Destination
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Digital Communications: introduction● Additional operations at the PHY.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
ModulationModulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
Channel codingChannel coding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) TX
EncryptionSourcecoding Source
Destination
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Digital Communications: introduction● Additional operations at the PHY.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
ModulationModulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
Channel codingChannel coding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) TX
DistortionNoise
LimitationsEncryption
Sourcecoding Source
Destination
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Digital Communications: introduction● Additional operations at the PHY.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
ModulationModulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
Channel codingChannel coding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) TX
DistortionNoise
Limitations
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
DemodulationDemodulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) RX
EncryptionSourcecoding Source
Destination
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71
Digital Communications: introduction● Additional operations at the PHY.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
ModulationModulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
Channel codingChannel coding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) TX
DistortionNoise
Limitations
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
DemodulationDemodulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) RX
EncryptionSourcecoding
Decryption
Source
Destination
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72
Digital Communications: introduction● Additional operations at the PHY.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
ModulationModulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
Channel codingChannel coding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) TX
DistortionNoise
Limitations
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
DemodulationDemodulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) RX
EncryptionSourcecoding
DecryptionSource
decoding
Source
Destination
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73
Digital Communications: introduction● Additional operations at the PHY.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
ModulationModulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
Channel codingChannel coding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) TX
DistortionNoise
Limitations
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
DemodulationDemodulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) RX
EncryptionSourcecoding
DecryptionSource
decoding
Source
Destination
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74
Digital Communications: introduction● Additional operations at the PHY.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
ModulationModulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
Channel codingChannel coding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) TX
DistortionNoise
Limitations
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
DemodulationDemodulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) RX
EncryptionSourcecoding
DecryptionSource
decoding
Source
Destination
Block 2
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75
Digital Communications: introduction● Additional operations at the PHY.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
ModulationModulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
Channel codingChannel coding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) TX
DistortionNoise
Limitations
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
DemodulationDemodulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) RX
EncryptionSourcecoding
DecryptionSource
decoding
Source
Destination
Block 2
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76
Digital Communications: introduction● Additional operations at the PHY.
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
ModulationModulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
Channel codingChannel coding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) TX
DistortionNoise
Limitations
Medium accessMedium access(Block 4)(Block 4)
DemodulationDemodulation(CT & Block 2)(CT & Block 2)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding(Block 3)(Block 3)
PHY (1) RX
EncryptionSourcecoding
DecryptionSource
decoding
Source
Destination
Block 2
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77
Digital Communications: introduction● Design and performance criteria/parameters.
– Already known for those familiar with Comunication Theory.
– They are evaluated for each level/layer, point to point.
– Basic issue: limitations and tradeoffs → optimization.
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78
Digital Communications: introduction● Design and performance criteria/parameters.
– Already known for those familiar with Comunication Theory.
– They are evaluated for each level/layer, point to point.
– Basic issue: limitations and tradeoffs → optimization.
iDude
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79
Digital Communications: introduction● Design and performance criteria/parameters.
– Already known for those familiar with Comunication Theory.
– They are evaluated for each level/layer, point to point.
– Basic issue: limitations and tradeoffs → optimization.
iDude
SNR, Eb/N0
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80
Digital Communications: introduction● Design and performance criteria/parameters.
– Already known for those familiar with Comunication Theory.
– They are evaluated for each level/layer, point to point.
– Basic issue: limitations and tradeoffs → optimization.
iDude
SNR, Eb/N0
Available power
![Page 81: Introduction to Digital Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042715/5589690bd8b42a83268b45c9/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
81
Digital Communications: introduction● Design and performance criteria/parameters.
– Already known for those familiar with Comunication Theory.
– They are evaluated for each level/layer, point to point.
– Basic issue: limitations and tradeoffs → optimization.
iDude
SNR, Eb/N0
Available power
Transmissionrate
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82
Digital Communications: introduction● Design and performance criteria/parameters.
– Already known for those familiar with Comunication Theory.
– They are evaluated for each level/layer, point to point.
– Basic issue: limitations and tradeoffs → optimization.
iDude
SNR, Eb/N0
Bandwidth
Available power
Transmissionrate
![Page 83: Introduction to Digital Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042715/5589690bd8b42a83268b45c9/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
83
Digital Communications: introduction● Design and performance criteria/parameters.
– Already known for those familiar with Comunication Theory.
– They are evaluated for each level/layer, point to point.
– Basic issue: limitations and tradeoffs → optimization.
iDude
SNR, Eb/N0
Bandwidth
Available power
Transmissionrate
Errorprobability
![Page 84: Introduction to Digital Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042715/5589690bd8b42a83268b45c9/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
84
Digital Communications: introduction● Design and performance criteria/parameters.
– Already known for those familiar with Comunication Theory.
– They are evaluated for each level/layer, point to point.
– Basic issue: limitations and tradeoffs → optimization.
iDude
SNR, Eb/N0
Bandwidth
Available power
Transmissionrate
Errorprobability
DistortionInterference
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Digital Communications: introduction
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86
MEDIUM
Digital Communications: introduction
Medium accessMedium access(TX)(TX)
Medium accessMedium access(RX)(RX)
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87
MEDIUM
Digital Communications: introduction
Medium accessMedium access(TX)(TX)
Medium accessMedium access(RX)(RX)
Rmax
________
SNR____
Allowedinterference
____
Reliability____
BWmax
____
Pmax
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MEDIUM
Digital Communications: introduction
Medium accessMedium access(TX)(TX)
Medium accessMedium access(RX)(RX)
Rmax
________
SNR____
Allowedinterference
____
Reliability____
BWmax
____
Pmax
R1 SNR
1 BW
1...
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89
MEDIUM
Digital Communications: introduction
Medium accessMedium access(TX)(TX)
Medium accessMedium access(RX)(RX)
Rmax
________
SNR____
Allowedinterference
____
Reliability____
BWmax
____
Pmax
R2 SNR
2 BW
2...
R1 SNR
1 BW
1...
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90
MEDIUM
Digital Communications: introduction
Medium accessMedium access(TX)(TX)
Medium accessMedium access(RX)(RX)
Rmax
________
SNR____
Allowedinterference
____
Reliability____
BWmax
____
Pmax
…...
...
R2 SNR
2 BW
2...
R1 SNR
1 BW
1...
Rn SNR
n BW
n...
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91
MEDIUM
Digital Communications: introduction
Medium accessMedium access(TX)(TX)
Medium accessMedium access(RX)(RX)
Rmax
________
SNR____
Allowedinterference
____
Reliability____
BWmax
____
Pmax
…...
...
R2 SNR
2 BW
2...
R1 SNR
1 BW
1...
Rn SNR
n BW
n...
…......
R'2 SNR'
2 BW'
2...
R'1 SNR'
1 BW'
1...
R'n SNR'
n BW'
n...
![Page 92: Introduction to Digital Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042715/5589690bd8b42a83268b45c9/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
92
MEDIUM
Digital Communications: introduction
Medium accessMedium access(TX)(TX)
Medium accessMedium access(RX)(RX)
Rmax
________
SNR____
Allowedinterference
____
Reliability____
BWmax
____
Pmax
…...
...
R2 SNR
2 BW
2...
R1 SNR
1 BW
1...
Rn SNR
n BW
n...
…......
R'2 SNR'
2 BW'
2...
R'1 SNR'
1 BW'
1...
R'n SNR'
n BW'
n...
SHARE ANDMANAGELIMITED
RESOURCES
![Page 93: Introduction to Digital Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042715/5589690bd8b42a83268b45c9/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
93
MEDIUM
Digital Communications: introduction
Medium accessMedium access(TX)(TX)
Medium accessMedium access(RX)(RX)
Rmax
________
SNR____
Allowedinterference
____
Reliability____
BWmax
____
Pmax
…...
...
R2 SNR
2 BW
2...
R1 SNR
1 BW
1...
Rn SNR
n BW
n...
…......
R'2 SNR'
2 BW'
2...
R'1 SNR'
1 BW'
1...
R'n SNR'
n BW'
n...
SHARE ANDMANAGELIMITED
RESOURCES
InformationTheory
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Digital Communications: introduction
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Digital Communications: introduction
ModulationModulation(TX)(TX)
DemodulationDemodulation(RX)(RX)
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96
CH
AN
NE
L
Digital Communications: introduction
ModulationModulation(TX)(TX)
DemodulationDemodulation(RX)(RX)
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CH
AN
NE
L
Digital Communications: introduction
ModulationModulation(TX)(TX)
DemodulationDemodulation(RX)(RX) R
mod
________
SNR____
Ps(e)
____
BWmod
____
Pmod
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CH
AN
NE
L
Digital Communications: introduction
ModulationModulation(TX)(TX)
DemodulationDemodulation(RX)(RX) R
mod
________
SNR____
Ps(e)
____
BWmod
____
Pmod
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CH
AN
NE
L
Digital Communications: introduction
ModulationModulation(TX)(TX)
DemodulationDemodulation(RX)(RX) R
mod
________
SNR____
Ps(e)
____
BWmod
____
Pmod
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CH
AN
NE
L
Digital Communications: introduction
ModulationModulation(TX)(TX)
DemodulationDemodulation(RX)(RX) R
mod
________
SNR____
Ps(e)
____
BWmod
____
Pmod
Pb(e)
_____
Eb/N0_____
Rb
![Page 101: Introduction to Digital Communications](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042715/5589690bd8b42a83268b45c9/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
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CH
AN
NE
L
Digital Communications: introduction
ModulationModulation(TX)(TX)
DemodulationDemodulation(RX)(RX) R
mod
________
SNR____
Ps(e)
____
BWmod
____
Pmod
Pb(e)
_____
Eb/N0_____
Rb
ADAPT SIGNALSTO THE CHANNEL
AND IMPROVEPERFORMANCE
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CH
AN
NE
L
Digital Communications: introduction
ModulationModulation(TX)(TX)
DemodulationDemodulation(RX)(RX) R
mod
________
SNR____
Ps(e)
____
BWmod
____
Pmod
Pb(e)
_____
Eb/N0_____
Rb
ADAPT SIGNALSTO THE CHANNEL
AND IMPROVEPERFORMANCE
InformationTheory
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Digital Communications: introduction
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Digital Communications: introduction
Channel codingChannel coding(TX)(TX)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding
(RX)(RX)
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CH
AN
NE
L
Digital Communications: introduction
Channel codingChannel coding(TX)(TX)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding
(RX)(RX)
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CH
AN
NE
L
Digital Communications: introduction
Channel codingChannel coding(TX)(TX)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding
(RX)(RX)
Pb(e)
________
Eb/N0(out)____
Rb
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CH
AN
NE
L
Digital Communications: introduction
Channel codingChannel coding(TX)(TX)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding
(RX)(RX)
Pb(e)
________
Eb/N0(out)____
Rb
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CH
AN
NE
L
Digital Communications: introduction
Channel codingChannel coding(TX)(TX)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding
(RX)(RX)
Pb(e)
________
Eb/N0(out)____
Rb
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CH
AN
NE
L
Digital Communications: introduction
Channel codingChannel coding(TX)(TX)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding
(RX)(RX)
Pb(e)
________
Eb/N0(out)____
Rb
P'b(e)<P
b(e)
_____
Eb/N0(in)_____
R'b<R
b
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CH
AN
NE
L
Digital Communications: introduction
Channel codingChannel coding(TX)(TX)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding
(RX)(RX)
Pb(e)
________
Eb/N0(out)____
Rb
P'b(e)<P
b(e)
_____
Eb/N0(in)_____
R'b<R
b
PROTECTINFORMATION
INTEGRITYAT THE COST
OF DATA RATE
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CH
AN
NE
L
Digital Communications: introduction
Channel codingChannel coding(TX)(TX)
ChannelChanneldecodingdecoding
(RX)(RX)
Pb(e)
________
Eb/N0(out)____
Rb
P'b(e)<P
b(e)
_____
Eb/N0(in)_____
R'b<R
b
PROTECTINFORMATION
INTEGRITYAT THE COST
OF DATA RATEInformation
Theory
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Example: WiFi standard(public access: http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.11-2007.pdf )
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Example: WiFi standard(public access: http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.11-2007.pdf )
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Example: WiFi standard(public access: http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.11-2007.pdf )
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Example: WiFi standard(public access: http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.11-2007.pdf )
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Medium access (channel identification).
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Medium access (channel identification).
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Medium access (channel identification).
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Medium access (channel identification).
Signalgeneration
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Medium access + modulation.
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Medium access + modulation.
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Medium access + modulation.
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Medium access + modulation.
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Medium access + modulation.
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Medium access + modulation.Different modes
for resourcesharing
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Medium access + modulation.Different modes
for resourcesharing
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Modulation and channel coding.
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Modulation and channel coding.
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Modulation and channel coding.
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Digital Communications: introduction
● Modulation and channel coding.
Modulator
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● Modulation and channel coding.
Modulator
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● Modulation and channel coding.
ModulatorChannelencoder
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● Modulation and channel coding.
ModulatorChannelencoder
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● Channel encoder.
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● Channel encoder.
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● Channel encoder.
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● Channel encoder.
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● Channel encoder.
Algebraicstructure
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● Channel encoder.
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● Channel encoder.
Algebraicstructure
Implementation:finite-statemachine
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Digital Communications: introduction● It is important to discern
– Abstract operations / layers (“divide and conquer”).
– HW implementation.
● Recall always
– Basic scheme of Digital Communications.
– Design and evaluation parameters.
– Concepts from Communication Theory and Signals and Systems.
● Main purpose:
– Given some resources, and some target conditions and target performance, manage to evaluate and/or design the appropriate subsystems.