Introduction to Computers Lecture 1.1 Doug Hogan, 2003-04 Penn State University CMPSC 100 Computer...
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Transcript of Introduction to Computers Lecture 1.1 Doug Hogan, 2003-04 Penn State University CMPSC 100 Computer...
Introduction to Computers
Lecture 1.1Doug Hogan, 2003-04
Penn State UniversityCMPSC 100 – Computer Fundamentals and
Applications
Questions?Questions on syllabus?
Office HoursIn 338E IST – drop-in Tuesday, 1-2 p.m. Wednesday, 12:30-1:30 p.m. and by appointment You may find me there other times too
“Virtual” on Instant Messenger (cmpsc100) whenever not “away” as requested look at profile of the account
Attributes of ComputersSpeedReliabilityAccuracyStorageCommunication
ApplicationsWord processingFinancial management ShoppingEmailEntertainmentMany more…
Components of a Computer
Central processing unit (CPU)MemoryInput devicesOutput devicesStorage devices
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Basic job: handle processing of instructionsWhat’s an instruction?Two parts:Control Unit (CU) Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
The ALUBuilt up from digital logic gatesANDORNOTmost primitive level
MemoryHolds programs that are currently running and the data being used by those programs. Two categories:Read-only memory (ROM)
can only read dataRandom-access memory (RAM)
can read and write information
Memory: sizesbase unit: 1 bit = binary digit, 0 or 18 bits = 1 byte (B)1000 bytes ≈ 1 kilobyte (KB)1000 KB ≈ 1,000,000 B ≈ 1 megabyte (MB)1000 MB ≈ 1,000,000,000 B ≈ 1 gigabyte (GB)
MemoryRelated data organized into files
Storage DevicesFloppy disk 3.5 inches, 1.44 MB
Hard disk typically sizes in GB
Compact disc (CD) 650-700 MB CD-ROM: read-only memory CD-R: recordable CD-RW: rewritable
More Storage DevicesDigital Versitale/Video Disc (DVD)4.7 GBZip disks and tape drivesvaries
Input Devicesmousekeyboardscannercameramicrophone
Output Devicesmonitorcathode ray tube (CRT) liquid crystal display (LCD)printerspeakers
Hardware vs. SoftwareHardwareessentially, things you can touch input, output, storage devicesSoftwareessentially, what the computer knowsdata, 0s and 1sprograms
Software OverviewSystem softwareControls basic operations of computerThe operating system
manages memory, files, application software
File management tasks – deleting, etc.
Software OverviewApplication softwareNot essential to system runningEnables you to perform specific tasksEx:
Office softwareWeb browsersMedia playersGames
Keyboard
Keyboard SpecificsCapsLock and ShiftNumLock and numeric keypadEscEditing and navigation keys insert, delete, home, end, page up, page down
Function keysCtrl, AltPrintScreen
Mouse: operations & buttons
Click – left buttonClick and dragShift-click, Ctrl-clickDouble clickTriple clickRight clickScroll wheel