Introduction to Computers and I.T- Generations of Computers

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES

Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75Affiliated Institution of G.G.S.IP.U, Delhi

Introduction to Computers and I.T(20107)

Generations of Computers

By:-Charanpreet Kaur

Assistant Professor

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIESSector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75

As early as the seventeenth century, mathematicians were

trying to create a machine that could

perform basic mathematical functions

such as, addition, subtraction, division and

multiplication.

Invention of Computer


Generation of Computers

I. First Generation (1946-59)II. Second Generation(1957-64)III. Third Generation(1965-70)

IV. Fourth Generation(1970-90)V. Fifth Generation(1990 till date)


First Generation Computers1951-1959

• Characterized by vacuum tubes which burned out very rapidly.

• The first generation of computers used machine language or 0s and 1s.

• This generation also used magnetic tape.


The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was unveiled in 1946.

ENIAC weighed 30 tons contained 18,000 vacuum tubes


Second Generation Computers1959-1963

The second generation of computers used transistors for the internal operations.

They used magnetic core for the memory.

These machines used assembly language.


Second generation computer machines were based on transistor technology.

Second generation computers were smaller as compared to the first generation computers.

They were more portable and generated less amount of heat.


• These computers used integrated circuits on silicon chips.

• They were characterized with high-level programming languages which required logic such as BASIC, Pascal, C, COBOL, and Fortran

Third Generation Computers1963-1975


• IC used• More reliable and Faster• Smaller size• Generate less heat• Lesser maintenance• Still costly• A.C. needed• Consumed lesser electricity• Support high-level language

The main features of Third Generation are:


• These computers use microprocessor chips.• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Languages such as Visual Basic, and JAVA are characteristic of this computer generation.

• The fourth generation of computers is marked by the use of Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. VLSI circuits having about 5000 transistors and other circuit elements and their associated circuits on a single chip made it possible to have microcomputers of fourth generation.

Fourth Generation Computers1970-1990


• VLSI technology used• Very cheap• Portable and reliable• Use of PC's• Very small size• Pipeline processing• No A.C. needed• Concept of internet

was introduced

The main features of Fourth Generation are:


• The period of Fifth Generation is 1980-till date.

• In the fifth generation, the VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components.

Fifth Generation Computers1990 till date


This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software.

All the higher level languages like C and C++, Java, .NET, etc., are used in this generation.


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Introduction to Computers and I.T- Generations of Computers

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