Introduction to Computer

system

DefinitionoComputer is Latin worldoWhich means to calculate.

DefinitionoAn electronic device that work under

the control of instruction stored its

memory, which accept data,oProcess the Data, Produce the results,

and store the result for the later use.

Com

pute

r D

efin

itio

n

Modern Device that is used to

solve different kinds of Problem

According to a different set of

instructions Given to it.

Com

pone

nts

of

Com

pute

r

Hard were

Soft were

Data

User

Com

pone

nts

of

com

pute

r

HardwarePhysical or tangible parts of computer

SoftwareThe set of instruction that tells

computer what to do and how to do

DataCollection of raw facts and figures

which can include texe,numbers,images,audios,and videos.

UsersComputer cannot perform any task

without its operator.

Info

rmat

ion

Pro

cess

ing

Cyc

le .

Processor

Control Unit/Arithmetic Logic Unit

Memory

Storage Devices

Input Devices

Output Devices

Input DevicesoAny hardware component that

allows you to enter data, programs, commands, and user

responses into a computeroInput Device ExamplesoKeyboardoMouse

Output DevicesoOutput devices make the

information resulting from

processing available for useoOutput Device ExamplesoPrintersoImpactoNonimpactoLCD

Storage Devices

oRemovable

oFloppy disk, or diskette

oCompact Disc CD-R, CD-RW, CD-ROM

oDVDs – DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-RW,

DVD-RAM

oZip disk

oFlash disk/USB drive

oTape

oNon-Removable

oHard disk

Syst

em U

nit

oThe motherboard, or system board, is

the main circuit board of the system

unitoThe processor, also called the central

processing unit (CPU), interprets and

carries out the basic instructions that

operate a computeroThe control unit interprets the

instructionsoThe arithmetic/logic unit (ALU)

performs the logical and arithmetic

processesoMemory, also called random access

memory, or RAM, consists of electronic

components that store data,

instructions, and information, as needed

by the processor

Com

mun

icat

ions

D

evic

es

oA communications device is

a hardware component that

enables a computer to send

(transmit) and receive data,

instructions, and information

to and from one or more computersoCommunications occur over

transmission media, such as

telephone lines, cables, cellular radio networks, and

satellites

Typ

es o

f C

ompu

ters

Typ

es o

f C

ompu

ters

oSupercomputers and MainframesoMicrocomputersoDesktopsoLaptops (Notebooks)

oHandhelds

CO

MP

UT

ER

SO

FT

WA

RE

o System software consists of

programs to control the operations

of computer equipmento Instructions in the operating

system tell the computer how to

perform the functions of loading,

storing, and executing an

application program and how to

transfer dataoWhen a computer is turned on, the

operating system is loaded into the

computer’s memory from auxiliary

storage, a process called booting

oMost computers use an operating

system that has a graphical user

interface (GUI)

Ope

rati

ng

Syst

em T

asks

Operations ManagementLoad, store and execute

programsTransfer dataFile ManagementFiles

FolderSystem Maintenance

Defragment/Check DiskVirus CheckSystem Monitoring

App

licat

ion

Soft

war

e

oWord ProcessingoSpread sheetoPresentation GraphicsoDatabaseoContact ManagementoUtility Software – anti-

virus, data backup, and file

compression

Com

pute

r H

ardw

are

& S

oftw

are

Application software

softwareHardware

NE

TW

OR

KS

oA network is a collection of

computers and devices connected together so users

can share data and resources

oA local area network (LAN)

connects computers in a limited geographic area

oA wide area network (WAN)

covers a large geographical

area

Networks & the Internet

oThe world’s largest network is the Internet

oMost users connect to the

Internet in one of two ways:oInternet service provider

oOnline service provider

The

Wor

ld W

ide

Web

o One of the more popular segments of the

Internet is the World Wide Web, also called

the Web.oA Web page is a document that contains

text, graphics, sound, and/or video and has

built-in connections, or hyperlinks to other

Web documentsoA Web site is a related collection of Web

pageso You access and view Web pages using a

software program called a Web browser

oA Web page has a unique address, called

a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

oA hyperlink is a virtual connection to

another place on the Web

Mor

e In

tern

et

Ter

ms

oCookies a text file created by a Web

server and your Web browser, that sits

on your hard driveoSearch engine a Web site

containing a database of web pages

and their contentoElectronic commerce conducting

business online, such as shopping or

investing.oPortal a launching point for

browsing online; one of the most well-

known is Yahoo!, where you can

search the Web, shop, chat, check e-

mail, build a Web site, and view news

articles.

Web

B

row

sers

Internet Explorerbuilt into WindowsNetscape othe oldest browser; an all-round

communications package for

the Internet; free at http://www.netscape.com

Opera ofree version available at http://www.opera.com

Ele

ctro

nic

Com

mer

ce

oWhen you conduct business

activities online, you are

participating in electronic

commerce, also known as e-commerceBusiness to consumer (B2C)

involves the sale of goods to the

general publicConsumer to consumer (C2C)

involves one consumer selling directly

to anotherBusiness to business (B2B) provides

goods and services to other businesses

Any Question?

Thank You