What is a Program?

A Precise sequence of steps to solve a particular problem.

Precise=exactSequence= what should be first, what should

be second, and so on..And there should be any problem to solve.

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Application And ProjectApplication : Collection of Programs. E.g.

Collection of 4 programs of +, -, *, / is an application named calculator

Project : Collection of Applications. E.g.. Operating System, Word processors

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What is a programming Language?

A vocabulary and set of grammatical rules for instructing a Computer to perform specific tasks. Each language has a unique set of keywords (words that it understands) and a special syntax for organizing program instructions.

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Ask 6 different Computer Scientists, get 6 different answers!

formal notation for computations tool for writing programsmeans of communicating between

programmersnotation for algorithmstool for experimenting with solutions to

problemsmeans for controlling computerized devices

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Diff. B/w HLL,LLL,MLLHLL : High Level Language

User FriendlyEasy understandable to userComputer details are hidden from userE.g. COBOL, FORTAN, PASCAL, ADA

LLL : Low Level Language (Machine Language)Composed of 0’s and 1’s onlyComputer details are thereNot user friendly

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Totally Machine Understandable

MLL : Middle Level Language• Mixture of both HLL and LLL• User Friendly also• E.g.. C language.

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Introduction to C Language

C is a programming language.It was developed at AT & T’s Bell

Laboratories of USA in 1972. It was designed and written by a man named

Dennis Ritchie.

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Dennis Ritchie

Evolved from B, which evolved from BCPLDesigned for systems programming

Operating systemsUtility programsCompilersFilters

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Reasons to learn C Main reason is its simplicity reliability, and

its easy to use and easy to learnMajor part of OS like windows, Unix still

written in CC is used in Micro Computers used in

consumer devices like Microwaves, AC’s, Refrigerators etc.

To learn more advanced language like Java, C is must

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Some Definitions

Syntax(form):-The syntax of a language describes the possible combinations of symbols that form a correct program.

 IDE:- It is a screen display with pull down menus. We use menu selections to invoke all the operations necessary to develop our program. (Integrated Development Environment)

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Compiler:- It is the part of IDE, that translates our source file into machine language.

Keyword:- Keywords are the words whose meaning has already been explained to the C compiler

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Compilers And InterpretersCompiler

Converts whole program in equivalent Machine language in one go

Less time used during compilationIntermediate file is madeMore Running Time

Interpreter • Converts program line by line• More time during conversion• Intermediate file not made• Less Running Time

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