Introduction to bacteria: Bacteriology Lecture 4 13/9/2015.
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Transcript of Introduction to bacteria: Bacteriology Lecture 4 13/9/2015.
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Introduction to bacteria: Bacteriology
Lecture 4 13/9/2015
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Kingdom of bacteria
1. Sub-kingdom: Eubacteria
2. Sub-kingdom: Cyanobacteria
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NomenclatureBinomial (scientific) nomenclature
Genus – always capitalizedspecies -, lowercaseBoth italicized or underlined: Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis or Staphylococcus epidermidis
Escherichia coli or Escherichia coli
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Distribution of bacteria
Live everywhere.
- water (fresh and salty),
- soil and air.
- Some of them can survive in ice and others can live in hot water. these can
form spores which are very resistant to drought , chemical , rays and
temperature variations.
- Some types live as saprophytes,
- while other are (Obligate or Facultative) parasites on plants, animals and
humans causing diseases.
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Shapes and arrangement of bacteria
1- Coccus……… Cocci (spherical shape)
Depends on cell division their cell arrangements:
• Diplococci
• Streptococci (chain)
• Staphylococci (cluster)
• Sarcinia
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2- Bacillus…….. Bacilli (rod-shaped bacteria)
According to their arrangement: it is divided to
• Diplobaccilli
• Streptobacilli (chain)
3- Coccobacili
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4- Spiral shaped bacteria:
They can be divided into:
– Vibrion (curved) a comma shape
– Spirillia Coiled forms exhibiting twists with one or more turns. They have constant shapes and they move by flagella.
– Spirochaets They are intermediate between bacteria and protozoa, they don’t have cell wall and flagella. Their movement are like a worm.
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5- Filamentous (Actinomycetes/Mold-like bacteria)
Their body consists of mycelium just like fungi. Streptomyces group belongs to these mold like bacteria. Streptomycin, an antibiotic is produced by Streptomyces.
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General morphology of bacterial colony plays an
important role in microbial identification:
Round
Irregular
Flat
Convex
Domed
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Motility (Movement)
• Bacteria are either non-motile or motile. Motile forms are either creeping or swimming:
• Creeping bacteria (e.g. Myobacterium) move or creep slowly on a supporting surface as a result of wave-like contractions (contract and relax) of their bodies.
• Swimming bacteria move freely in a liquid medium due to the presence of flagella. Flagellated forms differ with respect to number and pattern of attachment of flagella. The following forms:
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1. Monotrichous. One flagellum attached to one pole of the cell.
2. Lophotrichous. A tuft of flagella at one pole of the cell.
3. Amphitrichous. A single or a tuft of flagella at the two poles of the cell.
4. Peritrichous. Many flagella distributed over the whole surface of the cell.
Arrangement basis for classification
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