BY REHAN IJAZ Introduction to AI

Artificial IntelligenceLecture No. 1

What is Intelligence? How can we define Intelligence?

• ability of problem solving• the ability to think, plan and schedule• memory and correct and efficient memory

and information manipulation• ability to tackle ambiguous and fuzzy

problems• ability to learn and recognize• ability to understand and perceive

Intelligent Machines A machine searches through a mesh and finds a

path? A machine solves problems like the next number in

the sequence? A machine develops plans? A machine diagnoses and prescribes? A machine answers ambiguous questions? A machine recognizes fingerprints? A machine understands? A machine perceives? A machine does MANY MORE SUCH THINGS! A machine behaves as HUMANS do? HUMANOID!!!

Formal Definition of AI

Formal Definition of AI (cont)

Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence is an effort to

create systems that can learn, think, perceive, analyze and act in the same manner as real humans.

Strong & Weak AI Strong AI means that machines act

intelligently and they have real conscious minds.

Weak AI says that machines can be made to act as if they are intelligent.

History of AI First recognized work on AI First program that though humanly Development of Lisp Microworlds Researchers started to realize

problems AI becomes part of Commercial

Market Neural networks reinvented

First recognized work on AI The first work that is now generally

recognized as AI was done by Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts (1943). Their work based on three sources:• The basic physiology and function of

neurons in the human brain• The prepositional logic• The Turing’s theory of computation

First program that though humanly Newell and Simon’s early success

was followed up with the General Problem Solver.

Unlike Logic Theorist, this program was developed in the manner that it attacked a problem imitating the steps that human take when solving a problem.

Applications of AI Artificially Intelligent crawlers and

content based searching techniques computer based games like chess Computer Vision Natural language processing Expert systems Robotics “Humanoid”