Introduction to Animals/ Simple Animals
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Transcript of Introduction to Animals/ Simple Animals
Introduction to Animals/ Simple Animals
Mrs. Wetzel Biology
What is an animal?
MulticellularEukaryoticHeterotrophNo cell walls
Two Groups of Animals
What are the two groups of animals?
Two Groups of animals
What are the two groups of animals?Vertebrates Invertebrates
Invertebrates
No backbone or vertebral columnRange from dust mite to giant squid
Vertebrates
Have a backboneMake up only five percent of the animal
kingdom
Animal Survival
Feeding- all animals are heterotrophic and have a variety of ways to obtain nutritionFilter feedersParasiteDetritovoresOmnivoresHerbivoresCarnivoreSymbiont
Animal Survival
Respiration= gas exchange
Animal Survival
Circulation= movement of oxygen, nutrients, waste productsSimple animals= diffusionComplex animals= circulatory system
Animal Survival
Excretion= removing wasteNot just poop & peeAmmonia= cellular waste- toxic
Animal Survival
Response= “nervous system”Simple animals = sensory receptorsMore complex= cephalization in other words a
concentration of sensory organs near the head of an organism.
Animal Survival
Movement-Simple animals= sedentaryMore complex= highly mobile
Animal Survival
Reproduction- Simple= asexualMore complex= sexual
Trends in Animal Evolution
Cell Specialization- as animals evolved their cells have developed the ability to conduct specific activities. A sponge has a few cells to perform the limited number of jobs of the sponge. Humans- the most complex animal has thousands of specialized cells to perform the thousands of jobs of a human.
Trends in animal Evolution
Early development- all animals look exactly the same during the early stages of development Primordial germ layers are
cells that have not “Specialized yet” the three major germ layers are;
Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm
Germ Layers
Germ LayersAs soon as fertilization occurs the zygote
begins to divide- it divides and divides eventually forming a hollow ball- the ball begins to fold in on itself forming a bowl
Germ Layers
The in folding is called a blastopore Depending on the
animal the blastopore can develop into two things
Deuterostomes= mouth
Protostomes= anus All Vertebrates are
deuterostomes
Germ Layers
All animals primordial germ layers are endoderm, ectoderm, and mesodermEndoderm- digestive tract and respiratory
systemMesoderm= muscle, circulatory, excretory,
reproductive systemEctoderm= skin, sense organs, nerves
Gastrulation
Formation of the germ layers is called gastrulation- it is the MOST important time of your life.
Symmetry
RadialBilateralAsymmetrical
Simple= AsymmetricalSlightly more complex= radialMore complex= bilateral
Cephalization
** The concentration of sense organs toward the anterior “head” of the body
Body cavity
Animals have a body cavity filled with fluids involved in circulation, excretion, and digestion
Phylum Porifera
Phylum porifera contains the sponges Sponges do not look like
animals but they do have the right characteristics
Heterotrophic, multicellular, no cell walls,
Phylum Porifera
Sponges are asymmetrical The body of a sponge forms a tube that
water passes through.Collar cells are specialized cells that have
flagella to keep water flowing at a steady pace
Phylum Porifera
Feeding: Sponges are filter feeders. As water passes through the sponge it strains out the food bits like a sieve
Phylum Porifera
Circulation/ Excretion/ RespirationSponges rely on the movement of water for
these mechanismsWastes diffuse over the cell membranes back
into the water and get carried away
Phylum Porifera
Response- Nothing in the way of a nervous system- they do produce toxins that keep predators from eating them
Phylum Porifera
Reproduction- Most sponges are hermaphrodites meaning that each individual functions as both male & femaleSexual= internal fertilization- sperm is
released by one sponge and carried by water currents to another sponge where it can meet up with eggs
Asexual- budding
Phylum Porifera
Larva- sponge larva looks nothing like an adult sponge- it is mobile and can swim around eventually settling somewhere on the ocean floor where it will then mature into an adult non- motile sponge
Phylum Porifera
Ecology- Important habitats for marine animalsSymbionts to bacteria, algae, & plantlike
protistsSponges
Phylum Cnidarian
What?Soft bodied carnivorous animal with stinging
tentacles arranged in a circle around the mouth
Phylum Cnidarian
Body Plan- Radial symmetry- central mouth surrounded by tentacles. Body wall surrounds the G.V.C.Two life stages
Polyp- non-motileMedusa- motileDimorphic life form is unique to cnidarians
Phylum Cnidarian
Tissue LayersEpidermis= outsideMesoglea= middle layerGastroderm= Lining of the G.V.C
Phylum Cnidarian
Feeding- grab food with tentacles- paralyze it using nematocyst- pull food into G.V.C.
Any material that can not be digested is brought back up and spit out the mouth
Phylum Cnidarian
Respiration/ Circulation/ ExcretionRely on water & diffusion through cell
membrane
Phylum Cnidarian
Response- Nerve Net- nerve cells Statocysts- determine gravityOcelli- simple eyespot can detect light
Phylum Cnidarian
Movement- Hydrostatic skeleton- fills with water or contracts- pushes water out for jet propulsion-like movement
Phylum Cnidarian
Reproduction- asexual or sexualSexual reproduction takes place in the
waterAsexual= budding
Classification
Class Scyphozoa= jelly fish Hydrozoa- hydras, Portuguese Man of
War= colonial hydraClass Anthozoa= sea anemones & coral
Phylum Cnidarian
Ecology- VIP symbionts for photosynthetic marine life, provide habitats