Introduction to Animals

Characteristics of Animals

• All multicellular

• Eukaryotes

• Digest internally

• Store food reserves in the liver as GLYCOGEN

Support Systems

• Endoskeleton v. Exoskeleton

• Vertebrate v. Invertebrate

Insects• Feeding/Digestion –

feed on plants

• Circulation/Respiration/Excretion – tracheae

• Reproduction

Annelid Worms• Structure/Movement -

segmentation

• Feeding/Digestion

• Circulation – closed circulatory system

• Respiration/Excretion – no specialized respiratory organs

• Reproduction - hermaphrodites

Amphibians• Respiration/Protection – skin• Regulation – live in wet environments• Excretion – kidney main organ• Reproduction – metamorphosis

Mammals

• Endothermic - metabolism• Circulatory System - heart• Respiration – lungs and diaphragm• Feeding/Digestion – chewing• Reproduction - sexual

Animal Behavior

Behavior

• “is a way that organisms respond to a stimulus”

• Two Types

a. Learned

b. Innate

Learned Behavior• Learning how to respond to a stimuli, usually by

observation or trial and error

A. Imprinting – behavior learned at a extremely young age B. Habituation – animal learns to ignore what should be a dangerous stimulus C. Conditioning – learned response to previously neutral stimulus (Pavlov)

Imprinting

Habituation

Innate Behavior• Born with it

A. instincts

B. caused by genetics

Other behaviors• Phermones a. chemical released by an affect b. affects behavior of another animal of same species • Taxis a. innate behavioral response to a stimulus ex) phototaxis*moth flies towards the light (+)*roach moves away from light (-)

Biological Rhythms

• “innate behavior which occurs in cycles”

• Circadian Rhythms – occurs in 24hr cycles

A. nocturnal

B. dinural

C. biological clock

• Hibernation – period of reduced metabolism that allows animals to survive bad conditions (cold months)

A. estivation – really deep sleep (warm

months)

• Annual Rhythms – yearly cycle

A. Plant Cycles

1. annual plants

2. biennial plants

3. perrineal plants

• Migrating Rhythms – entire population

moves

• Tidal Rhythms – associated with tides

a. occurs in 12 hr cycles

b. most lunged animals move at high

tide