Introduction to Animal Science

Mr. Bushman

Domestication

The animals : Valued $$$ Breeding is subject to human control Survival depends on humans

Behavior is changed in domestication Feed and water is controlled!

Domestication Across Globe 1. Near East (Fertile Crescent) 10,000 years ago.

Domestication Across Globe 2. South China 8,500 years ago

Domestication Across Globe 3. North China – 7,700 years ago.

Domestication Across Globe 4. Africa – 4,000 years ago.

Domestication Across Globe 5. South Central Andes – 4,500 years ago

Domestication Across Globe 6. Central Mexico – 4,700 years ago.

Domestication Across Globe 7. Eastern United States – 4,500 years ago

DomesticationSpecie When Where Why

Dog 14,000 Years Ago. Old World Companionship

Sheep 10,700 Years Ago. Old World Food, Milk and Clothing

Goat 9,000 Years Ago. Old World Food, Clothing and Milk

Pig 9,000 Years Ago. Old World Food & Sport

Cattle 6,500 Years Ago. Old World Religious Reasons

Chicken 5,500 Years Ago. India Food, Cockfights, Religion

Horse 5,000 Years Ago. Old World Food & Transport

Domestication

Terms: Wild Animal:

Not genetically altered by selective breeding. Exotic Animal:

Wild animal not native to country. Example, not from USA or Canada, etc…

Domestication

Terms: Feral Animal:

A domestic animal that lives in the wild with no human assistance.

Breed: A population of domestic animals, that the

individual may vary in genotype and phenotype.

Historical Perspective

8,000 BC Domestication

776 BC First Olympic Games

334 BC Alexander the Great used Calvary to conquer

1066 AD Stirrups invented

1598 AD Cattle brought into the US by Spanish

1867 AD Cattle Drives to Railroad

Historical Perspective

1884 AD USDA began

1905 AD DHIA was Established(Dairy Records)

1914 AD Extension Service

Homestead Act played a huge part of the livestock industry in the US

•Land was free rather then cheap

Animal Science

Animal Contributions

Functions of Livestock

Contributions to Humans Food Clothing Power Recreation Research

Animal Contributions

Food Meat Milk Eggs

Clothing Wool Leather Hair Fur

Power Horse Mules Donkeys, Burrows Oxen

Recreation Pleasure Horses Livestock Show

Competition Rodeo

Animal Science Industry

Dairy Cattle Beef Cattle Sheep Swine Goats Horses Poultry

What is considered Animal Science ? Ostrich & Emu Deer Bison Aquaculture Llamas Rare Breeds Small Animals

Top Producing States

Beef Industry 1. Texas 2. Kansas 3. Nebraska 4. Oklahoma 5. California

Top Producing States Dairy Production Industry

1. California 2. Wisconsin 3. New York 4. Pennsylvania 5. Michigan 6. Idaho

Top Producing States Sheep Production Industry

1. Texas 2. California 3. Wyoming 4. Colorado 5. South Dakota

Top Producing States

Swine Production Industry 1. Iowa 2. North Carolina 3. Michigan 4. Illinois 5. Indiana

Top Producing States

Layers Production Industry 1. California 2. Ohio 3. Indiana 4. Pennsylvania 5. Iowa

Top Producing States-----

Broilers Production Industry 1. Arkansas 2. Georgia 3. Alabama 4. North Carolina 5. Mississippi

Animal Production - General Purebred Producer

Commercial Producers

Farm Herd or Flock

Commercial Feedlot

Direct to Processor

Auction or Market

Terminal Market

Farm Feeding

Conception to Consumption

Gender Terms for Livestock Beef:

Cow – Female that has had offspring Heifer – Female that has never given birth Bull – Male with testicles Steer – Castrated Bull

Gender Terms for Livestock Swine:

Sow – Female that has had offspring Guilt – Female that has never given birth Boar – Male with testicles Barrow – Castrated Boar

Gender Terms for Livestock Sheep:

Ewe – Female Ram – Male with testicles Weither – Castrated Ram

Horse: Mare – Female Horse Stallion – Male with testicles Gelding – Castrated Stallion