Introduction To Anatomy

Anatomy and Physiology

• Anatomy is a fun and interesting topic to study• It tells us how we function and

live in the world• However many people often

confuse anatomy with physiology• Anatomy is the study of physical

structures of the body• Anatomy means “cut open” in

Greek

Anatomy and Physiology

• Anatomy is generally broken into two different sections• Gross anatomy describes

structures that can be seen with the naked eye• Microscopic anatomy deals with

structures that cannot be seen without instruments or modification

Anatomy and Physiology

• However people cannot not live on physical structures alone• Physiology is the study of how

the physical structures function• This course will combine the

elements of anatomy and physiology together to give a greater understanding of the human body

Medical Terms

Beware!!!

This course uses A LOT of medical terminology

Medical Terms

• This course will use terms and terminology that are designed to make things simple• Until you get used to the system it

might seem like it is much harder• Many medical terms use prefixes

and suffixes• They also use word parings that

describe form, function and position in the body

Medical Terms

• To give an example • The term “cardiac” refers to the

heart• Veins carry blood to the heart• The term “great” can mean

uppermost or largest

• The great cardiac vein is the largest vein on the heart• It carries deoxygenated blood

from heart tissue back to the heart

Levels of Organization

• In anatomy and physiology it is important to understand how life is organized• Different types of small

structural materials make up the larger structures of the body• We need to know how the body

is built in order to understand how it works

Levels of Organization

• I often compare it to a house• While a house is a whole

structure, it is made of different things• Wood and dry wall make up

walls• Walls make up rooms• Rooms make up floors• Floors make up your house

Levels of Organization

• The smallest level is the atomic level• The atomic level is made up of

atoms• These atoms are by themselves

or can make up small chemicals• Many of these small chemicals

carry out important body functions

Levels of Organization

• Atoms combine to form the cellular level• This level is composed of

individual cells • On the cellular level we study

the individual cells job in the body

Levels of Organization

• The next largest level is the tissue level• A tissue is a group of similar and

interacting cells • These cells will perform one or

more functions to help the body

Levels of Organization

• The organ level is the next largest level or organization• An organ is a group of tissues

that collectively work together to perform many different functions• These organs generally perform

vital functions and several we cannot live without

Levels of Organization• The organ system level is the

largest level that we will study in anatomy• Organ systems are groups of

organs that interact to perform a particular function• There are only a handful of

organ systems in the body• When organ systems work

together they make up an organism

Organ Systems

• There are 12 major organ systems that we will study in this class• You will have to know about

each and every one of them• Several you may have heard of

before and some you may have never heard of

Organ Systems

Name of System Major Organs Major Function(s) Other Function(s)

Skeletal Bones, Connective Tissue, Marrow

Support and protect Mineral storage, make blood cells

Muscular Skeletal muscle, Tendons Move the body Generates heat

Nervous Brain, Spine, Sense Organs, Nerves

Respond to the world around you, regulate the body

Coordinate multiple organs

Endocrine Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland, Pancreas

Directs changes in the body, sends signals

Adjusts metabolic activity

Cardiovascular Heart, Blood Vessels, Blood

Distributes blood to the body Reallocates heat

Integumentary Skin, Hair, Sweat Glands Protects against environment Helps regulate body temperature, provide sensory information

Organ SystemsName of System Major Organs Major Function(s) Other Function(s)

Lymphatic Spleen, Thymus, Lymph Nodes

Defense against infection and disease

Return tissue fluids to blood stream

Respiratory Lungs, Trachea, Larynx Deliver O2, Remove CO2 from the body

Produce audible sounds for communication

Digestive Stomach, Small and large Intestine, Liver

Breakdown and absorb food into the body

Store energy reserves, fight disease

Urinary Kidneys, Bladder, Ureters Remove waste products from the blood

Control blood pH and ion levels, control liquid levels

Reproductive (male) Testes, Prostate Gland, Penis

Produce male sex cells and hormones

Sexual intercourse

Reproductive (female) Ovaries, Uterus, Mammary Glands

Produce female sex cells and hormones, support developing embryo

Provide nourishment to newborns, sexual intercourse

Organ Systems