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Transcript of INTRODUCTION THE FIELD OF COMMUNICATION. Has a long and distinguished intellectual history. It dates...
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INTRODUCTION
THE FIELD OF COMMUNICATION
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THE FIELD OF COMMUNICATION
• Has a long and distinguished intellectual history.
• It dates back to ancient Greece. Philosophers Aristo & Plato taught rhetoric, or public speaking.
• Encompass many kinds of interaction.
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• Interpersonal communication is one of the most popular and vibrant areas in the discipline.
• Interpersonal communication is central to our lives.
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INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION 8th Edition
Adapted by Julia T. WOOD, Cengage Learning, Canada (2014)
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A First Look at Interpersonal Communication
Chapter 1Chapter 1
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Topics
• Define interpersonal communication
• Models of interpersonal communication
• Principles of interpersonal communication
• Social media in everyday life
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Defining Interpersonal Communication• Tracing the meaning of the world
ınterpersonal = between+person.
• All communication happens between people, yet many interactions don’t involve us personally.
• Communication exists on a continuum from impersonal to interpersonal
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The Communication Continuum
•I-It communication
•I-You communication
•I-Thou communication
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• It Comm. (relationship) we treat others very impersonally, almost as objects.
• You Comm. People acknowledge one another as more than objects.
• Thou Comm. Highest form of human dialogue because each person affirms the other as unigue.
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Interpersonal communication as a selective, systemic process that allows people to reflect and build personal knowledge of one
another and create shared meanings.
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Key terms in definition
• Selective
• Systemic All communication occurs within multiple
systems that affect meaning All parts and all systems of communication are
interdependent, so they affect one another All communication systems have noise
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• Noise Physiological noise (hunger, headaches...) Physical noise (noises made by others...) Psychological noise (prejudice, defensive
feelings) Semantic noise ( jargon, technical words...)
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• Process
ongoing, continous no discrete beginnings & endings occurs in three temporal dimensions; past,
present, future
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• Personal knowledge
• Meaning creating (close friends) content meaning relationship meaning
– Responsiveness– Affection– Power
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Models of Interpersonal Communication
A model is a representation of a phenomenon such as an airplane, a house, or human
communication
Models show how a phenomenon works.
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• Linear models
• Interactive models
• Transactional models
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Linear Models
• A one-way process, in which one person acts on another
• This was a verbal modelWHO?
SAYS WHAT?
IN WHAT CHANNEL?
TO WHOM?
WITH WHAT EFFECT?
(Laswell, 1948)
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Linear Models
(Claude S. & Warren W. 1949)
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• From sender to a passive receiver
• Listeners never send messages and that they absorb passively what speakers say
• Also erred by representing communication as a sequence of actionsin which one step (listening) follows an earlier step (talking)
• At any moment in the process of interpersonal communication, participants are simultaneously sending and receiving messages and adapting to one another
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Interactive Models
• A process in which listeners give feedback, which is a response to a message.
• Communicators create and interpret messages within personal fields of experience
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The more communicators’ fields of experience overlap,
The better they can understand each other.
When fields of experience don’t overlap enough, misunderstandings may occur.
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• Which one person is a sender and another is a receiver.
• In reality, everyone who is involved in communication both sends and receives messages.
Example: Two coworkers communicate more easily and effectively after months of working together on a project team.
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Transactional Models
• Emphasizes the dynamism of interpersonal communication and the multiple roles people assume during the process
• Includes the feature of time
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• Recognizes that noise is present throughout interpersonal communication
• Includes the feature of time to remind us that people’s communication varies over time
Example: people who meet online sometimes decide to get together face to face
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• Communication occurs within systems that affect what and how people communicate and what meanings are created.
• Those systems, or contexts, include the shared systems of both communicators (shared social networks sites, campus, town, religion or culture) and the personal systems of each person (family, friends...)
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:) or :(
Ongoing transactional process, all participants share responsibility for its effectiveness
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Interpersonal need theory (W. Schutz,1966)
-Affection (give/receive love & liking)
-Inclusion (social/included in groups)
-Control (influence the people & events in our lives
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The Interpersonal Imperative
• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs:
Physical needs Safety needs Belonging needs Self-esteem needs Self-actualization needs
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Defining Interpersonal Communication
• The best way to define interpersonal communication is by focusing on what happens between people, not where they are or how many are present
A distinct type of interaction between people
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Principles of Interpersonal Communication
• We cannot not communicate
• Interpersonal communication is irreversible
• Interpersonal communication involves ethical choices
• People construct meanings in interpersonal communication
• Metacommunication affects meaning
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Principles of Interpersonal Communication
• Interpersonal communication develops and sustains relationships
• Interpersonal communication is not a panacea
• Interpersonal communication effectiveness can be learned
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Guidelines for Interpersonal Communication Competence
• Interpersonal communication competence The ability to communicate effectively and
appropriately, and ethically
Develop a range of skills Adapt communication appropriately Engage in dual perspective Monitor your communication Commit to effective and ethical communication
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Participating Effectively In A Diverse Society• The likelihood of meeting our needs
depends on our ability to participate effectively in a very diverse social world.
• We need to understand and learn from others who differ from us.