Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot...
-
Upload
lester-matthews -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot...
![Page 1: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction
Sir George CayleyConventional configuration
Otto LilienthalAirfoil data, first pilot
Alphonse PenaudRubber powered models
Octave ChanutePratt truss
![Page 3: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Wright Brothers Control centric approach Wing warping for roll control First wind tunnel tests Adverse yaw Canard for pitch control
![Page 4: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Wright approach Wing warping tested on 1899 kite 1901 glider was a disappointment Wind tunnel testing leads to 1902
glider First powered flight, 1903
![Page 5: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Problems in replication
InstabilityPitch, CG behind NPSpiral mode, Anhedral
ControlSmaller tail volumes
ConstructionalPractical limits due to scaling down
![Page 6: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Strategy
Explore Airplane through literature
survey
Build Gliders
Glider Testing Propulsion
Prelim Report, Apr 2002
Final Design, Nov 2002
May 2002
Detailed Report, Dec 2002
Model Backup Model
Flight testing, June 2003 Done, Nov2003
Start
![Page 7: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Strategy
Exploring a/cLiterature studyProposed solutions
Making glidersMaterial selectionPractical limits on fabricationImplementation of control mechanisms
![Page 8: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Propulsion
Market survey forContra-rotating pushersBelts, pulleys and shaftsEngine
Test the setup
![Page 9: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Glider Specifications1:12 scaled down modelWing Span 1.02 mLength 0.54mCanard area 6.3% of wing area, 0.0210 m2Rudder area 0.01 m2 Weight 0.15 KgBallast weight 0.040 KgWing loading 0.11 kg/m2
![Page 10: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Glider
![Page 11: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Glider Experience
Material selectionCentral carbon fibre box supporting
WingCanard and rudderEngine Landing gear
![Page 12: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Central Box
![Page 13: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Glider Experience
Material selectionBalsa wood used for
Wing ribsCanard and rudderVertical struts
![Page 14: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Glider Experience
Monokote for wing coveringSlotted ribs for front sparJoints
Strut-spar pin joints replicatedPins lashed to spars and strutsRigging with twine thread
![Page 15: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
View of joints
![Page 16: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Glider Experience
ControlsSteel wire for wing warpingFlexible joints in rear spar for wing warpingComplete canard moved for pitch control
(unlike original variable camber)
![Page 17: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Weight estimationControls part
4 servos + Receiver+ Battery pack + Miscellaneous 160gm + 30gm + 120gm + 50gm =360 gm Propulsion part
Engine + Mount + Shafts, Belts, Pulleys + Fuel + Misc 335gm + 150gm+ 300gm+ 250gm+ 65gm =1100 gm
Landing gear = 150gm Structure part Carbon fiber composite + Balsa + Misc 450gm + 300gm + 250gm =1000gmTotal Maximum weight = 3 kgWing loading with this weight = 0.338 kg/m2
![Page 18: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Thrust and Power Estimation
Max thrust required at min Cl/Cd = 12 NPower required at this Cl/Cd is 120 W
Engine of 250 W at 16000 rpmTwo 10X6 props at 8000 rpm give 15 N thrust
Thrust in lbs = 2.83x10-12
x RPM2 x D
4 x Cp x (P/29.92) x
(528/(460+T))
![Page 19: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Propulsion
Electric motorLess weightNo starting problemsEase of maintenanceLarge battery weight (Can be used as ballast)
Lesser heating problems
![Page 20: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Propulsion
Wankel IC engineHigh powerLess fuel weightCooling problems ?
![Page 21: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Propulsion Belt pulley system Propeller shaft mounting replicated Contra-rotating propellers ?
![Page 22: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
6 cm
11 cm
9.3 cm
4 cm
25 cm
Side view transmission system
![Page 23: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Front View
39.4 cm
23.5 cm
12 cm
5 cm
![Page 24: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Unsolved problems Roll-yaw coupling ? Asymmetric yawing moment ? Pitch SAS using rate gyro? Tail and canard volumes ? Anhedral ? Landing ? Twisted belt drive ?
![Page 25: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Cost EstimateCarbon fibre 2000
Balsa 500
Engines 8000
Belt, Pulleys, Bearings, Propeller
2900
Servos 4000
Miscellaneous 500
Total 17,900
![Page 26: Introduction Sir George Cayley Conventional configuration Otto Lilienthal Airfoil data, first pilot Alphonse Penaud Rubber powered models Octave Chanute.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e3a5503460f94b2c922/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Acknowledgements Prof. K. Sudhakar, IIT Bombay Dr. H. Arya, IIT Bombay