PLANTAE (SEEDLESS)

Introduction

Plantae (Seedless)

Nonvascular

•Liverworts •Hornworts •Mosses

Vascular

•Fern •Whisk fern •Horsetail •Club mosses

1. Phylum Psilophyta (Whisk ferns)2. Phylum Lycopodophyta (Club

Mosses)3. Phylum Sphenophyta (Horsetails)4. Phylum Pterophyta (Ferns)

1 2 3 4

Plant Life Cycle (Alternation Generation )

Alternation of generationsHaploid (n) stage that produces gametes

followed by diploid (2n) stage producing spores

Gametophyte (haploid) that produces gametes.  Gametes fuse to form zygotes that develop into sporophytes

Sporophytes (diploid) that produce spores.  Spores are haploid cells that can develop into a new organism without fusing with another cell.

Homosporous and Heterosporous

HomosporousOne spore type produced and released

HeterosporousTwo spore types produced one developing

into a male gametophyte, the other into a female gametophyte

Only one size of spore is produced The spore germinates into a bisexual

gametophyte. The gametophyte releases the sex cells,

or gametes,then fertilize and produce a zygote.

The zygote, over time, then develops into a sporophyte, the plant.

Two sizes of spores are produced. The spore germinates into a gametophyte. The gametophyte will then produce

megaspores(egg) and microspores(sperm). After receiving water, the sperm will swim out

of the microsprorangium and go inside the megasporangium, where it will fertilize the egg.

After many years, the sporophyte will grow out of the megasporangium or microsporangium

Dominant generationIn alternation of generations, the dominant

generation is the generation that occupies the largest portion of the life cycle.

SEEDLESS NONVASCULAR

Bryophytes

No vascular tissues Live in damp/moist environments and are

small Gametophyte is the dominant generation in

the life cycles of bryophytes Root

Absent Rhizoid (root like structure)

Phylum Anthocerophyta (Hornworts)

Phylum Hepaticophyta (Liverworts)

Phylum Bryophyta (Mosses)

Mosses

Phylum Bryophyta Need water to complete their life cycle

(for fertilization)

rhizoid

The life cycle of Polytrichum, a moss

Gametophyte of a moss is dominanceLargest and longest lived generation

Green moss gametophyte produces gametangia Function : Produce gametes Male (antheridia-produce sperm)Female (archegonia-produce egg)

Gamete protect by jacket of sterile cell- protect from drying and dying

Sporophytes Smaller than gametophytes Attach to gametophytesLack of chlorophyll depend

Male gamete/ spermSmallHave flagellaEnable to swim through water to reach the

egg Female gamete/ egg

LargeContain much cytoplasmCan’t move

Gametophytes cover with water

Sperm swim to the egg and egg release chemical

Fertilization produce diploid zygote (2n)

Zygote undergoes mitosis

Embryo young sporophyte

Matured sporophyte

Matured sporophytes Foot for anchors it to gametophytesStalk grow up from foot Capsule

○ Slender stalk, at the top○ Contain sporogenous cell /spore mother cell○ Covered by calyptra

Matured sporophyte, spore mother cells undergoes meiosis to form haploid spores

Spores begin gametophyte generation

Spore maturecapsule openspore carry of by windgerminateprotonemabudgametophyte

Asexual Reproduction

Fragmentation Small pieces broken from gametophyte,

grow into new plant Gemmae

Tiny pieces of tissues from new gametophyte

When raindrop splash,gemmae germinate to gametophyte

Liverworts

Hepaticophyta Gametophyte dominated

generation Thallus

Lobes structure Rhizoid

Anchor to soil

Sexual reproduction

Asexual Reproduction

Growing new branches by gemmae

Hornworts