Introduction of Petroleum Industry - Pdkhanh.pptx
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Exploration Evaluation Drilling
Completion Production Separation
Treatment Transport Refining
Treatment Transport End Users
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Team Effort
Capital Cost
Operating Cost
Production Rate
Cycle Time
RiskReserves
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Petroleum Engineering:RE - Reservoir EngineeringPT - Production Technology
DGP - Development Geophysics
DGL - Development Geology
RCV - Reservoir Characterisation
& Visualisation
PP - Petrophysics
TC&DM - Technical Computing
& Data Management
Facilities Engineering & Prod. Operations:FE - Facilities Engineering
PO - Production Operations
ME - Marine Engineering
PE - Process EngineeringSE - Subsea Engineering
Exploration:
EGP - Exploration Geophysics
EGL - Exploration Geology
TC&DM - Technical Computing
& Data Management
EPM - Exploration Portfolio Mgmt
Information Technology:
TA - Technical ApplicationsDM - Data Management
IS - Information Systems
AP - Architecture & Planning
Drilling:DO - Drilling Operations
DT - Drilling Technology
Functions and Disciplines
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Presentat ion Outl ine
Petroleum Engineering
Petroleum Engineering Disciplines
Development Geophysics and Geology
Petrophysics
Reservoir Engineering
Drilling Engineering
Production Technology (well completion)
Facilities Engineering and Production Operations
Economic Evaluation
Facilities
Wells
Reservoirs
Management
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Reservoir
Engineering
(fluid flow)
Drilling &
Production
Engineering
(Facilities)
Petrophysics
(rocks)
EconomicEvaluation
Computing
Petroleum
Geoscience
(development)
Petroleum
Engineering
Management
Development
Geology&
Geophysics
(seismic)
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Organisation of Petroleum Engineering
Exploration Facilities EngPetroleum Eng Operations
Specialists
Develo
pmentGeophysics
Deve
lopmentGeology
Petrophysics
Rese
rvoirEngineering
ProductionEngineering
EconomicEvaluation
Drilling Production
Planning Function
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Project
PhaseField
FeasibilityStudy
ProjectImplementation
FieldManagement
FieldOperation
EngineeringEnhancements
Appraisal
Major
Functions
Primary Project
Goals
Offshore Petroleum Development - Major E&P Phases
Project
Management
Exploration
Asset
Teams
Development
Asset
Teams
ProductionAsset
Teams
Appraisal
Resource
Teams
Discovery
Primary
Secondary
Exploration
PetroleumEngineering
Petroleum &Facilities Eng
Exploration
Engineering
PetroleumEngineeringProduction
Engineering
OperationsFacilities
Discovery ofSubstantial
Hydrocarbons
ProvingSufficientVolumes
OptimumDevelopmentPlan & Design
Efficient
MaximisingNet Present Value(Production & Reserves)
ProjectConstruction
Facilities
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
The Search for and Development of Hydrocarbons
Chronological Sequence (1)
Geology
andGeophysics
Drilling and
Operations Engineering
Petrophysics
Production Geology /
Seismology
Economics
Production Technology
Reservoir Engineering
Select a concession
Select a locationFind new Hydrocarbons
Drill and test wells safety
and efficiently
Evaluate the formation and quantity the amount of HC
near the well
Interpret and extrapolate the well data to describe the
reservoir
Check whether the venture is economically justified
Design well completions and artificial lift systems
Identify development options and predict recovery
Ap
praisal
Exploration
Discover
Hydrocarbons
Evaluateth
eDiscoveryfor
CommercialDevelopment
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Engineering
Economics
Engineering
Drilling and
Operations Engineering
Production Geology /Petrophysics
Production Operations
Production Technology
Reservoir Engineering
Estimate facilities costs eg. platforms, plant, pipelines
Select the most profitable development option
Design and construct facilities
Drill and complete wells safety and efficiently
Plan and evaluate wellsUpdate the reservoir model if required
Operate and maintain wells and surface facilities
Optimise production performance
Advise on chemical aspects of production
Monitor reservoir performance
Identify means to improve recovery
Production
Development
i)Planning
Pr
oduce
Hydrocarbons
Some of the disciplines involved in the discovery and exploitation of a hydrocarbon accumulation.
ii)Execution
The Search for and Development of Hydrocarbons
Chronological Sequence (2)
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Exploration
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Accumulation Conditions for Hydrocarbon Reservoirs
1. Kitchen
- Hydrocarbon Generation
- Migration
2. Trap
- Container (including Seal)
3. Reservoir Rock
- Reasonable Flow Properties
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Hydrocarbon Generation vs Depth
Depth range
km
.5
2
3.5
5
2
4
6
8
Min
imum
Max
imum
Averag
eDepth(km)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Generation Intensity
Biogenic
Methane
Wet Gas
Methane
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
600 500 400 300 200 100
Cano-
zoic
MesozoicPaleozoic
Immature
Oil Generation
Gas Generation
PresentFormationTemperature(
oC)
Time(millions of years from present)
Oil
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Basic Hydrocarbon Traps
Unconformity Trap
Anticlinal Trap
Fault Trap
Buried Reef
Pinch Out
Grading Trap
Sand Lens
Salt Dome Traps
Unconformity
Surface
Sub-Salt
Sediment Truncation
Anhydrite
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
You cant win em all ! My Reputation !
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Development Geology
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Development Geoscience Study Path
Seismic
Survey
Sections
Time Map
SeismicDepth Map
IsochoreMap
StructureMap
SedimentModel
RegionalGeology
Pressure DataWell Performance
Logs Cores
WellCorrelation Description Analysis
Petrophysics
Evaluation
Pal Data Log Shape
Output
Reservoir Geological Model
Interp
retation
D
ata
Sources
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Framework Construction
Permeability RealisationPorosity Realisation
Facies Model Construction
Hing-1
Und-4
Und-2
Und-1
Trulek-1
Und-3
Bayu-1
Bayu-3
Bayu-2
Bayu-4
Mistral-1
Bayu-5
Hing-1
Und-4
Und-2
Und-1
Trulek-1
Und-3
Bayu-1
Bayu-3
Bayu-2
Bayu-4
Mistral-1
Bayu-5
Hing-1
Und-4
Und-2
Und-1
Trulek-1
Und-3
Bayu-1
Bayu-3
Bayu-2
Bayu-4
Bayu-5
Geological Modelling
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Development Geophysics
S i i R di
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Typical Marine 2D Seismic Acquisition Configuration
Seismic Recording
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
05-DH-4P
AUGUST 1994 AREA MAP
BASEMENT DEPTH
(3D SEISMIC)
LEGEND
meter ss
JANUARY 1993 AREA MAP
BASEMENT DEPTH
(2D SEISMIC)
DAI HUNG
OIL FIELD
DAI HUNG-3
2700
8 30'N8 30'N
2km0
3200
3400
3600
3800
3600
3800
4000
3300
3400
3600
3800
4000
3200
3400
3600
3800
4000
4100
3000
3100
3200
3600
3800
4000
3400
3600
3800
4000
4000
DAI HUNG-1
DAI HUNG-2
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Petrophysics
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Test Results
Fluid Properties
Pressures
Core
Lithology
Porosity
Permeability
Mudlogs
Measurement
While Drilling
Indications
Resistivity
Wireline
Logs
Resistivity
Radioactivity
Density
Sonic Velocity
Hydrogen Content
Geology
Lithology
Stratigraphy
Petrophysics
Lithology
Porosity
Hydrocarbon Saturation
Net Reservoir ThicknessPermeability
Oil In-Place
Petrophysics
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
What is logging?
electrical sensors orsondes
measure properties of rockand wellbore
logsare the physicalrecord of thesemeasurements
logs are now recorded ontape, but are generally stillpresented on paper
Petrophysical Engineering
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Reservoir?
T.D.
Shale
Dolomite
Anhydrite
Limestone
Rock Salt
Sandstone
Clay/Marl No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Locate the Reservoir
Petrophysical Engineering
Petrophysical Analysis - Example
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
CarbonatesCarbonates
Sand 0
Sand 1
Sand 2
Sand 3
Sand 4
Sand 5
Sand 6
Net = 44.7 mTV, Por= 18.0 %
Sw= 39%
EHC = 4.96 mTV
Net = 27.1 mTV, Por= 17.6 %
Sw= 38 %
EHC = 2.94 mTV
Net = 27.7 mTV, Por= 22.8 %
Sw= 19 %
EHC = 5.09 mTV
Net = 33.0 mTV, Por= 22.1 %
Sw= 22 %
EHC = 5.73 mTV
Net = 25.8 mTV, Por= 20.3 %
Sw= 29 %
EHC = 3.70 mTV
Net = 11.9 mTV, Por= 20.1 %
Sw= 30 %
EHC = 1.66 mTV
Net =14.8 mTV, Por= 21.8 %
Sw= 31 %
EHC = 2.23 mTV
Net = 45.1 mTV, Por= 17.7 %
Sw= 44 %
EHC = 4.29 mTV
Petrophysical Analysis - Example
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Reservoir Engineering
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
What is Reservoir Engineering?
The Reservoir Engineer:
Takes:
Applies:
with the:
Objective:
In practice:
data from many sources
the properties of rocks and fluids in reservoir simulation
models (also wells and surface systems)
of Optimisation of Hydrocarbon Ultimate Recovery (UR)
Reservoir Engineering provides:
PROPOSALS
and
PREDICTIONS
for
Well Numbers, Types, Locations, Rates
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Common sense is a gift of God - the engineer has onlytechnical training!
S b f D l Pl d R i Si l i
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industrypage 22
Well Plan Production Profile
and Reserves
Production Policy
and ReservoirManagement
Number of wellsWell Type
Location
Subsurface Development Plan and Reservoir Simulation
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Drilling Engineering
Horizontal Well Types
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Horizontal Well Types
LONG
RADIUS
100 - 600m
400 - 1200m
600 - 1800m
MEDIUM
RADIUS
SHORT
RADIUS
2 - 6 / 30m
900 - 300m RADIUS
o
6 - 60 / 30m
300 - 30m RADIUS
o
60 - 150 / 30m
30 - 12m RADIUS
o
Reference:
Oil and Gas Journal
11-March-1996 (OGJ Spec ial)
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Reference: World Oil / July 1996 Page 68 Source: Philip C. Crouse and Associates, Inc. - 1996 * Estimate
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996*0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Year
Numb
erofWells
Worldwide Horizontal Well Statistics
Multi-lateral Wells
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Technological progress similar to horizontal
wells
Completion technology is in its infancy
Expensive and complex in most instances
Should be evaluated on ENPV basis
Higher risk (than conventional
vertical/deviated wells)
Identifying selectively requirements is the key
Improved Recovery Increased wellbore to reservoir contact
Intersect more fractures
Improve gravity drainage
Reduce gas and water migration
Lower Cost/Barrel Well construction (one main wellbore)
Surface equipment (small platform, fewer
wellheads)
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Production Engineering
and Technology
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Production Technology
Production Geology Petrophysics
Drilling Engineering Reservoir Engineering
Subsea Engineering
Production Operations
Facilities Engineering
Production System
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Gas
Tank Gas
(Low Pressure)
removed
Stock Tank
Pressure
Reservoir Pressure
Oil produced
as Single
Phase
Bottom Hole
Pressure
High Pressure
Gas removed
Choke
(Bean)
Flowline
Pressure
Tubing Head
Pressure
Wellhead Separator Stock-Tank
Gas
Oil
Oil
Oil Zone
y
Reservoir
Well
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Petroleum Engineering Responsibilities
Reservoir
Characterisation
Reservoir
Development
Geophysics
Geology
Petrophysics
Production
Technology
Reservoir
Engineering
Petroleum
Economics
- Large Scal Description
- Large Scale Description
- Localised Quantification
- Well Matters
- Development Proposals
and Predictions
- Profitability
DEVELOPMENT PLAN
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Facilities Engineering
and
Production Operations
Basis of Design
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Basis of Design
Well Plan- number of wells
- location of Wells- type of wells (e.g. injector)
Fluid Production and Processing- type of fluids and properties
(corrosive?)- maximum capacities (oil, gas,
water)- temperature and pressure
(wellhead, separator)
Life of Field (Production)
Facilities EngineersProduction Engineers
North Rankin Offshore Facilities
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Kingfish A Platform - Bass Strait
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
g
Dai Hung Semi-submersible Transport
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
g p
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Economic Evaluation
Economics
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
(Planning & Evaluation)
Reservoir EngineeringProduction Profiles
Planning & EvaluationExploration Prospect Evaluation
Project Evaluation
Business Planning
MarketingCrude Differentials
FinanceLong Range Financial Forecasts
eg. oil price, inflationexchange rates, etc
ManagementRecommendations
Presentat ion Outl ine
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Presentat ion Outl ine
Petroleum Engineering
Petroleum Engineering Disciplines
Development Geophysics and Geology
Petrophysics
Reservoir Engineering
Drilling Engineering
Production Technology (well completion)
Facilities Engineering and Production Operations
Economic Evaluation
Facilities
Wells
Reservoirs
Management
Never Under-estimate the Importance of People
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
Management
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
References- Department Library
- Some VietNamese reports of PetroVietNam
- scholar.google.com
E d
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Introduction to the Petroleum Industry
End
Thank you!