DEFINITION OF MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS.
Introduction of Organizations
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Online McDonalds management system
1. Introduction of Organizations:
The business began in 1940, with a restaurant opened by brothers Richard and Maurice
McDonald in San Bernardino, California. Their introduction of the "Speedee Service System" in
1948 furthered the principles of the modern fast-food restaurant that the White Castle hamburger
chain had already put into practice more than two decades earlier. The original mascot of
McDonald's was a man with a chef's hat on top of a hamburger shaped head whose name was
"Speedee." Speedee was eventually replaced with Ronald McDonald by 1967 when the company
first filed a U.S. trademark on a clown shaped man having puffed out costume legs.
The present corporation dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by RayKroc, in Des Plaines, Illinois, on April 15, 1955, the ninth McDonald's restaurant overall. Kroc
later purchased the McDonald brothers' equity in the company and led its worldwide expansion,
and the company became listed on the public stock markets in 1965. Kroc was also noted for
aggressive business practices, compelling the McDonald brothers to leave the fast food industry.
The McDonald brothers and Kroc feuded over control of the business, as documented in both
Kroc's autobiography and in the McDonald brothers' autobiography. The site of the McDonald
brothers' original restaurant is now a monument. With the expansion of McDonald's into many
international markets, the company has become a symbol of globalization and the spread of the
American way of life.
In Pakistan, there are two setups. First is for Punjab and NWFP, and this is headed by
Mr.Ghous Akbar (CEO), while the second region is Sindh and Baluchistan and CEO for this
region is Mr. Amin Muhammad Lakhani.
McDonalds first restaurant opened its door to the people of Pakistan in September 1998 in
Lahore. This launch was met with unprecedented enthusiasm from the citizens of Lahore, who are
known for their liveliness, vigor and penchant for quality food. Karachi opened its first restaurant a
week after Lahore.
Ever since we opened the doors of our restaurants both in Karachi & Lahore, we have been
proud to provide our customers the same great taste, outstanding value and superior service that is
synonymous with the Golden Arches all over the world.
There are now 21 restaurants in 7 major cities of Pakistan. (8 in Karachi, 1 in Hyderabad, 8
in Lahore and 1 in Faisalabad, 1 in Sialkot, 1 in Islamabad & 1 in Rawalpindi).
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2. Organizational Chart:
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Salesman
Manager
Staff member
HR Manager Receptionist
Administrator
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3. Drawbacks of existing organization:
Along with a lot of strengths there are some weaknesses also by which McDonalds
suffers:
McDonalds does not consider the competitors of their products which are available in the
market which is the major drawback in sense that they are not focus on market strategy tocapture more market and customer their competitors are KFC, PIZZA HUTT etc.
No facility of the online order placing.
Home delivery is not in time one of the major drawback which destroy its repute in market
and give the edge to their competitors.
With the passage of time the expenses of McDonalds are increasing. The reason is the big
part of fixed costs e.g. fixed overheads & fixed salaries of all the employees, which
increases directly with the decrease in production.
All the raw materials are imported from different countries; this increases their cost of
production.
4. Introduction of Project:
The basic aim of the selecting this project is to provide the online facility to the customers
by which they can order any fast food at home by using online order facility , by using they can
easily access to every product by ordering it sitting at home. We want to finish the current phonic
order system.
Admin of the McDonalds who manage the branch. This feature is for those branches that
are facing the problems of mistakes and so on. McDonalds employee who sale the things from the
stock and add, delete, update the sale foods.
Through this we make easy to manage of McDonalds. It will create a better reduction in m
istakes and human efforts. It will give us all kind of records of input or output, in organization, and
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give report whenever is required. The best online stores offer you can incredible selection with
thousands of items to Look at; retail prices; free shipping direct to your door; and no sales tax to
pay So organization wants to extend the business so they need a computerized system to add,update, delete and mange their records and orders properly.
We want to competition with other fast food outlet such as KFC, Pizza Hut, Subway &
local market. A growing size of fast food market will help to keep competition stable as each
competitor will experience growth and will get its share in the market. Yet another concern is the
increasing capacity of industry, with the opening of new branches in both major cities, will
intensify rivalry and increase the competition.
5. Project Scope:
McDonald's is one of the best fast-food service providers to against their competitors. The
aim is that to develop this project to facilitate the Customer. The Customer who don't physical visit
at McDonald's can easily get our facility of enjoying fast-food by using our online ordering
facility. The facility is about to order any fast food at home in a fixed time, The facility is knownas home delivery and its totally free.
6. Goals:
Our Project has following goals:
Facility for Administrator to Administrate & Manage McDonalds database easily.
Facility for Manager to Manage branch.
Facility for Operator too make delivery of Online Orders.
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Facility for Customer to place Online Order by seeing Menu.
7.Objectives:
The objectives of the Company:
Enterprise respected from society
Enterprise with the full of pride
Dynamic Enterprise
Online ordering System
Advertisement of the company
Share the information to users
Easy accessibility to Users.
Effective & attractive interface
Provide user interactivity
Caputring of more customers in market
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Compete the market by use new technology means
8. Project Feasibility Reports
The project feasibilities are:
Technical Feasibility
Operational Feasibility
Schedule Feasibility
Specification Feasibility
Economical Feasibility
Information Feasibility
Motivational Feasibility
Legal and Ethical Feasibility
8.1 Technical Feasibility:
We develop the web site with the advance feature of (Online order System). We create the
web site with the helping of these tools.
In Software
Windows XP Professional As Operating System
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Tools for Development
WAMP
PHP
CSS
Html
JavaScript
Adobe Dreamweaver
My -Sql Adobe Photoshop
Tools for Planning
MS Project
In Hardware
For the Server:
Intel Pentium 4 with 3.4 GHZ processor.
2 GB of RAM
120 GB of Hard Disk
For the Client:
Intel Pentium 4 with 2.6 GHZ processor.
1 GB of RAM
80 GB of Hard Disk
8.2 Operational Feasibility:
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Organization deals the currently system only their contact office and Phone Call but they
now to extend this system with the online order and also extend their sale. The Owners have better
knowledge about the internet facility. This system provides the simple interface to the users andalso simple online order system.
8.3 Schedule Feasibility:
With the completion of the project the time is the most important factor. We used the Gantt
Chart to estimate required duration of the project. The four month is enough time to complete our
project because the project is simple in nature and have no complex algorithm design and
implementation. We are conducting meetings, deadlines and milestones to complete our project in
decide time.
8.4 Specification Feasibility:
The Online Order System performs these tasks:
Online Order System
This system provides the customer facility to order online and assign.
The system also performs the data updating, delete or changed.
8.5 Economical Feasibility:
Economic analysis is most important factor in project development. For any system if the
benefit equal or exceed the expected costs, the system can be judge to be economically feasible. In
economic feasible, cost benefit analysis is done in which expected costs and benefits are evaluated.
Economic analysis is used for evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed system.
There are two types of standard procedures for costing the project.
Function Point Analysis
Line of Code Method
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For taking cost ofOnline McDonalds management systemwe use the Line of Code
as cost finding method. As this system is a multipurpose website and it has many different aspects
of working so there should be not standard cost for this kind of Web Application.
The cost is given below:
Project Cost Estimation
(By Line of Code Method)
This project is economically very feasible. We estimate the cost of our project on the base of
estimated Line of Code. Estimated Lines of Code of our web application developed in Adobe
Dreamweaver are 9,000.
It will cost Rs.5/-Line
Estimated cost for Web Application is
Estimated Cost= No. of estimated lines * Cost per Line
Estimated Cost= 9000 * 5
Estimated Cost= 45,000
Hardware Charges
Printer=4,500
Domain & Hosting Charges
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Domain and hosting charges for the website is 5,000
Miscellaneous Charges
Some other charges also included in making project such as Communication and software
charges. For this we will charge Rs. 4,000
Total Estimated Cost
45,000+4,500+4,000+5,000=58,500
So total estimated cost for our project is Rs, 58,5000/-
8.5 Information Feasibility:
We checked the data field in which data are stored in constant and throughout the system.
Consistence is the most important thing in system and also all text fields expect the data from its
data type to front-end and back-end.
8.6 Motivational Feasibility:
This computerized system will become the way of better motivation for users that they will
be able to gain knowledge and experience from the system in different manners. The motivational
feasibility is that the organization hires an IT person to handle the website online transaction and to
manage the all operation to relate to the website.
8.7 Legal and Ethical Feasibility:
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Ethical laws vary from nation to nation and country to country. Our project fulfills general
moral values and ethical issues. All the tools and technologies that are used for the completion of
this project are legal and do not conflict with rules and regulation of Pakistan. The management ofthe McDonalds needs to purchase license only for the Operating System Windows not for the
softwares which are used to execute the system because these are open source that is why there is
no need to purchase license for these softwares.
9. CPM - Critical Path Method
CPM models the activities and events of a project as a network. Activities are depicted as
nodes on the network and events that signify the beginning or ending of activities are depicted as
arcs or lines between the nodes.
CPM provides the following benefits:
Provides the graphical view of the project.
Predicates the time required to complete the project.
Shows which activities are critical to maintaining the schedule and which are not.
Activity Activity Description MilestoneA Project Initiation Project Proposal
B Conceptual System Development
1. Project Scope2. Feasibility Reports
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3. Cost Benefit Analysis
4. Gantt Chart
5. Determination Risk of Project
C Planning Preparation of Planning
DRequirement Analysis
Functional requirements
Document
E Design Detailed System Design
F Development
1. Database Creation2. Create Interfaces
3. Coding of Software
G Integration & Testing
H Implementation Closing Project
Note:we used the unit in weeks in it.
Parameters and Slacks are calculated are fellows:
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Start
A-2
B-5
C-4
D-3
E-2
F-5
G-3
H-2
End
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A2 D3 F5 G3 H2 = 15 Weeks
B5 D3 F5 G3 H2 = 18 Weeks
C4 E2 F5 G3 H2 = 16 Weeks
A2 D3 F5 G3 = 13 Weeks
A2 D3 F5 H2 = 12 Weeks
B5 D3 F5 G3 = 16 Weeks
B5 D3 F5 H2 = 15 Weeks
C4 E2 H2 = 8 Weeks
C4 E2 F5 G3 = 14 Weeks
Critical Path :
B5 D3 F5 G3 H2 = 18 Weeks
10. Tools and Technology with ReasoningWe are using these tools to develop our website:
Hardware
For the Server:
Intel Pentium 4 with 3.4 GHZ processor.
1 GB of RAM
80 GB of Hard Disk
For the Client:
Intel Pentium 4 with 2.6 GHZ processor.
1 GB of RAM
80 GB of Hard Disk
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System Software
Windows XP Professional As Operating System
Tools for Development
WAMP/Xamp
o Window
o Apache
o My Sql
o PHP
CSS
Html
JavaScript
Dreamweaver
Adobe Photoshop
Tools for Planning
MS Project
Reasoning for use these Tools and Technology:
Wamp Server is a Windows web development environment. It allows you to create web
applications with Apache, PHP and the My-SQL database. It also provides with PHP My-
Admin to easily manage your databases.
PHP stand for Pre Hypertext Processor. It is a server side scripting language designed
specifically for the Web sites. Within a HTML page, we can embed PHP code that will be
executed each time the page is visited. Our PHP code is interpreted at the web server
and generates HTML or both outputs that the visitor will see high performance. It is open
source.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used to describe the
presentation semantics (the look and formatting) of a document written in a markup
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language. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML and
XHTML, but the language can also be applied to any kind of XML document, including
SVG and XUL. HTML orDHTML is an umbrella term for a collection of technologies used together to
create interactive and animated web sites by using a combination of a static markup
language (such as HTML), a client-side scripting language (such as JavaScript), a
presentation definition language (such as CSS), and the Document Object Model.
JavaScriptis an implementation of the ECMA Script language standard and is typically
used to enable programmatic access to computational objects within a host environment. It
can be characterized as a prototype-based object-oriented scripting language that is
dynamic, weakly typed and has first-class functions.
Adobe Dreamweaver (formerly Macromedia Dreamweaver) is a web development
application originally created by Macromedia and is now developed by Adobe System.
Dreamweaver is available for both Mac and Windows operating systems. Recent versions
have incorporated support for web technologies such as CSS, JavaScript, and various
server-side scripting languages and frameworks including ASP, ColdFusion, and PHP.
MySQL is a multithreaded, multi-user SQL database management system (DBMS)
providing multi-user access to a number of databases. MySQL is commonly the back
engine database for a great many applications, and often the database of choice for web-
based applications.
11. Risk List
The list of Risks we are occur in our Project:
Lack of require competency of Project team members.
Team members may leave the group during the progress of Project.
Hard ware limitations may occur.
Financial limitations occur if need to purchase hardware.
Resources are not available while developing the project.
Users may not give us complete the requirements.
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Time constraints may occur.
Lack of proper case tools.
Proper leader ship or management is not supplied.
RISK RESPONSE TRACKING:
Risk Event Website must be accessible all the time.
Risk ID 01
Mitigation Plan Accessibility would be ensured through proper backup system always available
Contingency
Plan
If website is not accessible, the backup system will be made online till actualsystems troubleshooting will be performed.
Assigned To Development Team
Risk Event Packages are not managing correctly.
Risk ID 02
Mitigation PlanIn each and every page check packages come or not to prevent or reduce this
risk.
Contingency
Plan
Any page found so user would not move further or go to the home page.
Assigned To Development Team
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Risk Event Unauthorized user accesses the website.
Risk ID 03
Mitigation Plan Authorized user access this site only.
Contingency
Plan
Unauthorized user can not access this site.
Assigned To Development Team
Risk Project scalability
Risk ID 01
Effect Overwhelming
Probability 20%
Explanation
After a short time after its deployment and operations, the project will be
subject to very wide expansions and in absence of support for scalability mightrender the project unless.
Mitigation Plan
1. Chose all products that support expansion and can work in the
distributed environment.
2. Closely follow standards during the complete process.3. Leave things well documented.
Contingency
Plan
Following the documentation and standard leads, rebuilt the troubling modules
and adjust in the scalable environment.
Risk Technology Evolution
Risk ID 02
Effect Overwhelming
Probability 20%
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Explanation
The project will be developed by using different technologies if some or one
gets obsolete or evolved, it will heavily affect the functionality of the overall
project.
Mitigation Plan1. Choose products & technologies that are long term market players.
2. During the design and development phase, implement each technologyin a way that it works independently. (Highly Cohesive)
Contingency
Plan
Similar new technology shall be incorporated in the project for example if SQLServer DMBS fails to provide the required functionality in future, other
technology could be adopted.
Risk Inaccurate project size Estimate
Risk ID 03
Effect Critical
Probability30%
ExplanationThe ambiguity of project size and implementation scope might jeopardize theplanning process.
Mitigation Plan 1. Use modular development and deployment approach.
2. Keep very close contact with the management along with end user.
Contingency
Plan
Planed the major activities again, could be affected by the Inaccurate Project
Size Estimate. Schedule the project and develop/deploy higher priority
modules first so that basic functionality is achieved in time.
Risk Unclear Project Requirements
Risk ID 04
Effect Critical
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Probability 60%
Explanation
Company is going to start their business again after a long break. Now they
want a new system satisfying the all requirements.
Mitigation Plan
1. Adopt prototyping approach.2. Incorporate heavy configuration management.
3. Involve supervisor before termination of requirements gathering
process.
Contingency
Plan
Reenter the design phase and use more aggressive requirement gathering
techniques.
Development Team Less Experienced
05
Marginal
70%
The development team comprises of and is headed by students so this
might cause a risk to the project.
1. Arrange experienced supervision in advance.
2. Get progress checked at regular intervals.
Get and experienced supervisor to play and active role in the project
Unavailability of Timely Guidance/Supervision
06
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Marginal
60%
The Supervisor arranged can be unavailable at certain times therefore
posing a risk to project schedule.
Arrange multiple sources for supervision.
Contract other sources.
Risk Loss of Team Member(s)
Risk ID 07
Effect Marginal
Probability 40%
ExplanationThough it is less likely because all the team members are students working for
their master degree, still a member loss can occur.
Mitigation Plan1. Keep group members in close binding and confidence.
2. Assign more than one member to one activity.
3. Each activity shall be well documented.
Contingency
Plan
Reschedule project, redistribute responsibilities and arrange to complete the
member count.
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