Introduction of Food BiotechnologyIntroduction of

Food Biotechnology

Wang YanpingWang Yanping

AIST in Japan

BREAKTHROUGHS IN BIOTECHNOLOGYBREAKTHROUGHS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

• What Is Biotechnology?

• outlook in biotechnology?

• Subjects Involved With Biotechnology?

• Stages of Biotechnology Development?

• Main Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?

• What Is Biotechnology?

• outlook in biotechnology?

• Subjects Involved With Biotechnology?

• Stages of Biotechnology Development?

• Main Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?

What Is Biotechnology?What Is Biotechnology?

• The use of gene science to create new products from plants and animals

• Using scientific methods with organisms to produce new products or new forms of organisms

• The use of gene science to create new products from plants and animals

• Using scientific methods with organisms to produce new products or new forms of organisms

What Is Biotechnology?What Is Biotechnology?

• Any technique that uses living organisms or substances from those organisms to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals, or to develop microorganisms for specific uses

• Any technique that uses living organisms or substances from those organisms to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals, or to develop microorganisms for specific uses

What Is Biotechnology?What Is Biotechnology?

• GMO- genetically modified organisms.

• GEO- genetically enhanced organisms.

• With both, the natural genetic material of the organism has been altered.

• Roots in bread making, wine brewing, cheese and yogurt fermentation, and classical plant and animal breeding

• GMO- genetically modified organisms.

• GEO- genetically enhanced organisms.

• With both, the natural genetic material of the organism has been altered.

• Roots in bread making, wine brewing, cheese and yogurt fermentation, and classical plant and animal breeding

What Is Biotechnology?What Is Biotechnology?

• Manipulation of genes is called genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology

• Genetic engineering involves taking one or more genes from a location in one organism and either– Transferring them to another organism– Putting them back into the original organism

in different combinations

• Manipulation of genes is called genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology

• Genetic engineering involves taking one or more genes from a location in one organism and either– Transferring them to another organism– Putting them back into the original organism

in different combinations

What is the career outlook in biotechnology?What is the career outlook in biotechnology?

• Biotech in 1998– 1,300 companies in the US– 2/3 have less than 135 employees– 140,000 jobs

• Jobs will continue to increase exponentially

• Jobs are available to high school graduates through PhD’s

• Biotech in 1998– 1,300 companies in the US– 2/3 have less than 135 employees– 140,000 jobs

• Jobs will continue to increase exponentially

• Jobs are available to high school graduates through PhD’s

What Subjects Are Involved With Biotechnology?What Subjects Are Involved With Biotechnology?

• Multidisciplinary- involving a number of disciplines that are coordinated for a desired outcome

• Science– Life sciences– Physical sciences– Social sciences

• Multidisciplinary- involving a number of disciplines that are coordinated for a desired outcome

• Science– Life sciences– Physical sciences– Social sciences

What Subjects Are Involved With Biotechnology?What Subjects Are Involved With Biotechnology?

• Mathematics

• Applied sciences– Computer applications– Engineering– Agriculture

• Mathematics

• Applied sciences– Computer applications– Engineering– Agriculture

What Are the Stages of Biotechnology DevelopmentWhat Are the Stages of Biotechnology Development

• Ancient biotechnology- early history as related to food and shelter; Includes domestication

• Classical biotechnology- built on ancient biotechnology; Fermentation promoted food production, and medicine

• Modern biotechnology- manipulates genetic information in organism; Genetic engineering

• Ancient biotechnology- early history as related to food and shelter; Includes domestication

• Classical biotechnology- built on ancient biotechnology; Fermentation promoted food production, and medicine

• Modern biotechnology- manipulates genetic information in organism; Genetic engineering

What Are the Areas of Biotechnology?What Are the Areas of Biotechnology?

• Organismic biotechnology- uses intact organisms; Does not alter genetic material

• Molecular biotechnology- alters genetic makeup to achieve specific goals– Transgenic organism- an organism with

artificially altered genetic material

• Organismic biotechnology- uses intact organisms; Does not alter genetic material

• Molecular biotechnology- alters genetic makeup to achieve specific goals– Transgenic organism- an organism with

artificially altered genetic material

What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?• Anton van

Leeuwenhoek• Discovered cells

– Bacteria– Protists– Red blood

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek

• Discovered cells– Bacteria– Protists– Red blood

What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?• Gregor Johan

Mendel• Discovered genetics

• Gregor Johan Mendel

• Discovered genetics

What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?• Walter Sutton• Discovered

Chromosomes

• Walter Sutton• Discovered

Chromosomes

What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?• Thomas Hunt

Morgan• Discovered how

genes are transmitted through chromosomes

• Thomas Hunt Morgan

• Discovered how genes are transmitted through chromosomes

What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?• Ernst Ruska• Invented the

electron microscope

• Ernst Ruska• Invented the

electron microscope

What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?• Sir Alexander

Fleming• Discovered penicillin

• Sir Alexander Fleming

• Discovered penicillin

What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?• Rosalind Elsie

Franklin• Research led to the

discovery of the double helix structure of DNA

• Rosalind Elsie Franklin

• Research led to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA

What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?• James Watson and

Francis Crick• Discovered DNA

• James Watson and Francis Crick

• Discovered DNA

What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?• Mary-Claire King• Mapped human

genes for research of cancer treatments

• Mary-Claire King• Mapped human

genes for research of cancer treatments

What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?• Ian Wilmut• Created the first true

clone, the Dorset ewe Dolly

• Nobel Prize

• Ian Wilmut• Created the first true

clone, the Dorset ewe Dolly

• Nobel Prize

What Are the Benefits of Biotechnology?What Are the Benefits of Biotechnology?

• Medicine– Human– Veterinary– Biopharming

• Environment

• Agriculture

• Food products

• Industry and manufacturing

• Medicine– Human– Veterinary– Biopharming

• Environment

• Agriculture

• Food products

• Industry and manufacturing

MedicalAdvancesMedical

Advances

12.

Biotechnology BreakthroughsBiotechnology Breakthroughs

• Insulin (1982)– First commercial biotech product– Reliable, inexpensive source of insulin

• Insulin (1982)– First commercial biotech product– Reliable, inexpensive source of insulin

.

An EnhancedEnvironmentAn EnhancedEnvironment

Environmental BenefitsEnvironmental Benefits

• Reduced pesticide use

• Lower energy requirements

• Cleaner water

• Less soil erosion

• Reduced pesticide use

• Lower energy requirements

• Cleaner water

• Less soil erosion

Progress In AgricultureProgress In Agriculture

Progress In AgricultureProgress In Agriculture

• Achievements ofdedicated researchers

• Farmers adoptingimproved farmingpractices

• Achievements ofdedicated researchers

• Farmers adoptingimproved farmingpractices

Progress In AgricultureProgress In Agriculture

• Potatoes with higher solid content

• Garlic that lowers cholesterol

• Fruits and vegetables that reducerisks of cancer and heart disease

• Rice– Enriched with beta-carotene and iron

• Bananas– Containing edible hepatitis vaccine

• Potatoes with higher solid content

• Garlic that lowers cholesterol

• Fruits and vegetables that reducerisks of cancer and heart disease

• Rice– Enriched with beta-carotene and iron

• Bananas– Containing edible hepatitis vaccine

• Hybridization

• Fermentation

• Pasteurization

• Hybridization

• Fermentation

• Pasteurization

What Has Research Given Us?What Has Research Given Us?

TraditionalCross-BreedingTraditionalCross-Breeding

Biotechnology:Tapping Nature’sBounty

Biotechnology:Tapping Nature’sBounty

The American Society for MicrobiologyThe American Society for Microbiology

“…plant varieties created with biotechnology are grown more efficiently and economically than traditional crops. This eventually should result in a more nutritious product at less cost to the consumer as well as reduced pesticide use and greater environmental protection.”

“…plant varieties created with biotechnology are grown more efficiently and economically than traditional crops. This eventually should result in a more nutritious product at less cost to the consumer as well as reduced pesticide use and greater environmental protection.”

ImprovedFood Products

ImprovedFood Products

Benefits Through BiotechnologyBenefits Through Biotechnology

• Longer shelf life

• Better taste

• Enhancednutritional value

• Longer shelf life

• Better taste

• Enhancednutritional value

Biotechnology BreakthroughsBiotechnology Breakthroughs

• Higher protein peanuts

• Longer shelf life for bananasand pineapples

• Sweeter bell peppers

• Tastier tomatoes

• Lower fat vegetable oils

• Higher protein peanuts

• Longer shelf life for bananasand pineapples

• Sweeter bell peppers

• Tastier tomatoes

• Lower fat vegetable oils

Biotechnology BreakthroughsBiotechnology Breakthroughs

• New food enzyme used during cheese making process

– Chymosin (1990)

– First biotechnology food product approved in the United States

• New food enzyme used during cheese making process

– Chymosin (1990)

– First biotechnology food product approved in the United States

Norman Borlaug, Ph.D.Professor, Texas A&M UniversityNobel Peace Prize Laureate, 1970

Norman Borlaug, Ph.D.Professor, Texas A&M UniversityNobel Peace Prize Laureate, 1970

“I believe the world will be able to produce the food needed to feed the projected population of about 8.3 billion in the year 2025…but it cannot be attained without permitting the use of technologies now available or without research to further improve and utilize new technologies, including biotechnology and recombinant DNA.”

“I believe the world will be able to produce the food needed to feed the projected population of about 8.3 billion in the year 2025…but it cannot be attained without permitting the use of technologies now available or without research to further improve and utilize new technologies, including biotechnology and recombinant DNA.”

24.

Michael JacobsonExecutive DirectorCenter for Science in the Public Interest

Michael JacobsonExecutive DirectorCenter for Science in the Public Interest

“While biotechnology is not a panacea(万能药） for every nutritional and agricultural problem, it is a powerful tool to increase food production, protect the environment, improve the healthfulness of foods, and produce valuable pharmaceuticals. It should not be rejected…”

“While biotechnology is not a panacea(万能药） for every nutritional and agricultural problem, it is a powerful tool to increase food production, protect the environment, improve the healthfulness of foods, and produce valuable pharmaceuticals. It should not be rejected…”

25.

Consumer Food Safety ConcernsConsumer Food Safety Concerns

#1 Spoiled food

#2 Improper food handling

#3 Pesticides

#4 Artificial ingredients

#5 Biotechnology

#1 Spoiled food

#2 Improper food handling

#3 Pesticides

#4 Artificial ingredients

#5 Biotechnology

19.

BiotechnologyProvidesBiotechnologyProvides

• Improved foodproducts

• Medical advances

• An enhancedenvironment

• Improved foodproducts

• Medical advances

• An enhancedenvironment

本研究室主要研究内容本研究室主要研究内容•益生菌的研究与应用

– 功能性乳酸菌的研究•耐氧双歧杆菌的分离鉴定•特殊乳酸菌的筛选 --Kefir

•芽孢乳酸菌的分离与鉴定•功能性产品的研发

– 发酵剂的研究与开发– 发酵乳制品的研究– 乳酸菌的分子生物学研究

•益生菌的研究与应用– 功能性乳酸菌的研究

•耐氧双歧杆菌的分离鉴定•特殊乳酸菌的筛选 --Kefir

•芽孢乳酸菌的分离与鉴定•功能性产品的研发

– 发酵剂的研究与开发– 发酵乳制品的研究– 乳酸菌的分子生物学研究

本研究室主要研究内容本研究室主要研究内容• 微生物多糖的研究

– Kefir 多糖• 生物活性肽的研究

– CPP– 抗诱变肽– 食品风味肽的研究

• 酶制剂– Β －内酰胺酶抑制剂的研究– 固定化酶的研究与应用– 生物酶在环保中的应用

• 微生物多糖的研究– Kefir 多糖

• 生物活性肽的研究– CPP– 抗诱变肽– 食品风味肽的研究

• 酶制剂– Β －内酰胺酶抑制剂的研究– 固定化酶的研究与应用– 生物酶在环保中的应用

本科生参与的科研及获奖本科生参与的科研及获奖

• Danisco

• 挑战杯大赛• 美国大杏仁比赛• 发表文章

• Danisco

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