Introduction of computers

Introduction to Computers

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Badrinath M. KadamSystem and Network Administrator

Badrinath M. KadamSystem and Network Administrator

What is a Computer?


How is a computer defined?

Produces and stores results

Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory

Processes data into informationinformation

Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful

Accepts datadataRaw facts, figures, and symbols

What is a Computer?


What is the information processing cycle? Input Process Output Storage Communication

The Components of a Computer


What is an input device? Hardware used

to enter dataand instructions



What is an output device? Hardware that

conveys information to one or morepeople



What is the system unit? Case

containingelectroniccomponentsused to processdata



What are two main components on the motherboard?

Central Processing Unit (CPU)Central Processing Unit (CPU)Also called a processor

The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer

MemoryMemoryConsists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions



What is storage?

Storage mediaStorage mediaPhysical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored

Storage mediaStorage mediaPhysical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored

Storage deviceStorage deviceRecords and retrieves items to and from a storage medium

Storage deviceStorage deviceRecords and retrieves items to and from a storage medium

Holds data, instructions, and information for future use



What is storage media?

Digitalcameras

Digitalcameras

Handheldcomputers

Handheldcomputers

Portable, thin memory cards used in:

Portable, thin memory cards used in:



What is a floppy disk? Thin, circular,

flexible disk enclosed in rigid plastic shell



What is a USB flash drive? Provides much

greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or Zip® disk

Small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket



What is a hard disk? Provides greater storage

capacity than a floppy disk, Zip disk, or USB flash drive

Most are housed inside of the system unit



What is a compact disc? Flat, round, portable metal disc

CD-ROM DVD-ROM



What is a communications device?

Hardware component that enables a computer to

send and receive data, instructions, and information

Hardware component that enables a computer to

send and receive data, instructions, and information

Occurs over cables, telephonelines, cellular radio networks,

satellites, and other transmission media

Occurs over cables, telephonelines, cellular radio networks,

satellites, and other transmission media

Storage Communications

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers


What are the advantages of using computers?

Speed Reliability Consistency

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers


What are the disadvantages of using computers?

Violation ofPrivacy

Impact onEnvironment

Impact onLabor Force

Health Risks

Categories of Computers


What are the categories of computers?

Personal Computers(desktop)

Mobile Computers andMobile Devices

Midrange Servers

Mainframes

Supercomputers

Embedded Computers

Personal Computers


What are the two most popular series of personal computers?

PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system

Apple Macintosh uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS)

Personal Computers


What is a desktop computer? Designed so all of the components fit entirely on

or under a desk or table

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices


What is a notebook computer? Portable, small enough

to fit on your lap Also called a laptop

computer Generally more

expensive than a desktop computer

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices


What are smart phones and smart watches?

A smart watch isan Internet-enabled

watch that automaticallyadjusts to time zone changes

and stores personal information

A smart phone isan Internet-enabled

telephone that usuallyprovides PDA capabilities

Servers


What types of servers are there?

Midrange server Powerful, large computer that supports up to a few thousand computers

Mainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of computers

Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations

Embedded Computers


What is an embedded computer? A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product

Desktop Microcomputer

A microcomputer that fits on a desk and runs on power from an electrical wall outlet.The CPU can be housed in either a vertical or a horizontal case.Has separate components (keyboard, mouse, etc.) that are each plugged into the computer.


Laptop Computer

A portable, compact computer that can run on an electrical wall outlet or a battery unit.All components (keyboard, mouse, etc.) are in one compact unit.Usually more expensive than a comparable desktop.Sometimes called a Notebook.


Mainframe Computer

Large expensive computer capable of simultaneously processing data for hundreds or thousands of users.Used to store, manage, and process large amounts of data that need to be reliable, secure, and centralized.Usually housed in a closet sized cabinet.


MiniComputers


Mostly built between 1963 and 1987

Smaller and less powerful than a mainframe, typically about the size and shape of a wardrobe, mounted in a single tall rack.

Were often used in applications such as industrial control, permanently assigned to one application.

These days they have been largely replaced by PCs.

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Badrinath Madanrao Kadam.


Introduction of computers

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