Introduction in Agriculture

Introduction in AgricultureMay L. LadiaBSED 2F 1

Grasslands(Basic)

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Definition of AgricultureHistory of AgricultureBranches of AgricultureImportance of AgricultureCommon Agricultural Tools

Branches of Agriculture

Branches of AgricultureAgronomyHorticultureAgricultural EngineeringAgricultural EconomicsAnimal Science

AgronomyAgro means land nomy means management -management of land is known as agronomy.

deals with soil management and the growing of crops.5

HorticultureHorti means garden and culture means cultivation.

deals with the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, flowers and ornamental cropCULTIVATION- Is the process of tilling, sowing or raising crops6

Agricultural Engineeringinvolves knowledge of farm machines or equipment and their proper use and improvement.

It also deals with developing new systems and practices to address problems facing agriculture.

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Agricultural Economics

deals with the business end of farming.

deals with the total value of all final goods and services produced and business end of farming.

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Animal Scienceis basically the breeding and caring of animal for specific purposes, such as for their meat, milk and/or fur.


Importance of Agriculture

Source of Livelihood

The main source livelihood of many people is agriculture. Approximately 70 % of the people directly rely on agriculture as a mean of living12

Contribution to National Revenue

main source of national income for most developing countriesRevenue- gross income; total amount of money income during specific periodfor the developed countries, agriculture contributes a smaller per cent age to their national income.13

Supply of Food as well as Fodder

Fodder- something fed to domestic animals; especially : coarse food for cattle, horses, or sheepCows gives milk that helps or sustain the required nutrients.Agricultural sector provides fodder for domestic animals. Livestock also meets peoples food requirements.

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Significance to the International Trade

Agricultural products like sugar, tea, rice, spices, tobacco, coffee etc. constitute the major items of exportsis smooth development practice of agriculture, imports are reduced while export increasesReduce unfavorable balance and save foreign exchange15

Source of Raw Materials

The main source of raw materials to major industries such as cotton and jute fabric, sugar, tobacco, edible as well as non-edible oils is agriculture. 16

Significance in Transport

Bulks of agricultural products are transported by railways and roadways from farm to factories. Mostly, internal trade is in agricultural products. Moreover, the revenue of the government, to a larger extent, relies on the success of agricultural sector.

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Foreign Exchange ResourcesThe nations export trade depends largely on agricultural sector. For example, agricultural commodities such as jute, tobacco, spices, oilseeds, raw cotton, tea as well as coffee accounts for approximately 18 % of the entire value of exports of a country. This demonstrates that agriculture products also continue to be important source of earning a country foreign exchange.

Great Employment OpportunitiesConstruction of irrigation schemes, drainage system as well as other such activities in the agricultural sector is important as it provides larger employment opportunities. Agriculture sector provides more employment opportunities to the labor force that reduce the high rate of unemployment in developing countries caused by the fast growing population.

Economic DevelopmentSince agriculture employs many people it contributes to economic development. As a result, the national income level as well as peoples standard of living is improved. The fast rate of development in agriculture sector offers progressive outlook as well as increased motivation for development. Hence, it aids to create good atmosphere for overall economic development of a country. Therefore, economic development relies on the agricultural growth rate.

Source of SavingDevelopment in agriculture may also increase savings. The rich farmers we see today started saving particularly after green revolution. This surplus quantity may be invested further in the agriculture sector to develop the sector.This surplus amount can be invested in agriculture sector for further; development of the sector. Saving potentials are large in agriculture sector which can be properly tapped for the development of the country.

Food SecurityA stable agricultural sector ensures a nation of food security. The main requirement of any country is food security. Food security prevents malnourishment that has traditionally been believed to be one of the major problems faced by the developing countries. Most countries rely on agricultural products as well as associated industries for their main source of income


Common Agricultural Tools

Hand ToolsBoloCrowbarPick MattockGrab HoeSpadeShovelRakeSpading ForkLight HoeHand Trowel

Hand CultivatorHand ForkPruning ShearsAxeKnifeSprinklerWater PailSprayerWheel BarrowSickle

HAND TOOLS. these are usually light and are used without the help of animals or machines.

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Bolofor cutting tall grasses and weeds, and chopping branches

Crowbarused for digging holes and for digging out big stones and stumps.

Pick Mattockused for digging canals, breaking hard topsoil and for digging up stones and tree stumps

Grab Hoethis is used for breaking hard topsoil and pulverizing soil

Spadeused for removing trash or soil, digging canals or ditches and mixing soil media.

Shovel used in removing trash, digging loose soil, moving soil from one place to another and for mixing soil media.

ShovelSpadeBlade ShapeBowl-shaped (concave) with a rounded or pointed tipFlat (or nearly flat) with a straight edgeHandle/ShaftLong, straight shaftShorter shaft, may have a T or D handleBlade SizeLargerSmallerBest UsesDigging, breaking up, and turning soilSlicing through soil and roots, moving soil and loose material

Rakeused for cleaning the ground and leveling the topsoil

Spading Forkused for loosening the soil, digging out root crops and turning over the materials in a compost heap

Light Hoeused for loosening and leveling soil and digging out furrows for planting

Hand Trowelused for loosening the soil around the growing plants and putting small amount of fertilizer in the soil.

Hand Cultivatorused for cultivating the garden plot by loosening the soil and removing weeds

Hand Forkused for inter row cultivation

Pruning Shearsis for cutting branches of planting materials and unnecessary branches of plants

Axe used for cutting bigger size post

Knife used for cutting planting materials and for performing other operations in horticulture.

Sprinklerused for watering seedlings and young plants

Water Pailused for hauling water, manure and fertilizers

Sprayerpiece of equipment that is used to apply herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers on agricultural crops.

Wheel Barrowused for hauling trash, manures, fertilizers, planting materials and other

Sickleis a hand tool with a variously curved blade typically used for cutting weeds

Farm Implementsthese are accessories which are being pulled by working animals or mounted to machineries which are usually used in the preparation of landPlowsHarrowRotavator

Plowused for tilling large areas, making furrows and inter row cultivation

Harrow dragged over plowed land to break up clods, remove weeds, and cover seed.

Rotavatorpower-driven agricultural machineaxle on which are mounted L-shaped bladesthe blades chop and stir the surface of the soil.

and which rotates faster than the supporting wheels52

Thank You !

LADIA, May l.bsed 2f 1

Introduction in Agriculture

Education

Transcript of Introduction in Agriculture