Introduction Chapter 1. Business Applications of Networks A network with two clients and one server....
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Transcript of Introduction Chapter 1. Business Applications of Networks A network with two clients and one server....
![Page 1: Introduction Chapter 1. Business Applications of Networks A network with two clients and one server. Client-Server Model.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697c02a1a28abf838cd81d6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction
Chapter 1
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Business Applications of Networks
A network with two clients and one server.
Client-Server Model
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Business Applications of Networks (2)
The client-server model involves requests and replies.
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Home Network Applications (2)
Some forms of e-commerce.
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Mobile Network Users
Combinations of wireless networks and mobile computing.
•Mobile Wireless
•Fixed Wireless
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1.2 Network Hardware
Types of transmission technology
• Broadcast links
• Point-to-point links
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Network Hardware
• Local Area Networks
• Metropolitan Area Networks
• Wide Area Networks
• Wireless Networks
• Home Networks
• Internetworks
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Local Area Networks
Two broadcast networks(a) Bus(b) Ring
DETAILS
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Wide Area Networks
Relation between hosts on LANs and the subnet.
DETAILS
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Wide Area Networks (2)
A stream of packets from sender to receiver.
DETAILS
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1.3 Network Software
• Protocol Hierarchies• Design Issues for the Layers• Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services• Service Primitives• The Relationship of Services to Protocols
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Network SoftwareProtocol Hierarchies
Layers, protocols, and interfaces.
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Protocol Hierarchies (2)
The philosopher-translator-secretary architecture.
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Protocol Hierarchies (3)
Example information flow supporting virtual communication in layer 5.
DETAILS
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Design Issues for the Layers
• Addressing– Identifying sender and receiver
• Error Control– Detection and/or correction
• Flow Control– Limiting the sender to an agreed rate
• Multiplexing– Use same connection for multiple unrelated conversation
• Routing– Find the best path to destination
DETAILS
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Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services
Six different types of service.
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Services to Protocols Relationship
The relationship between a service and a protocol.
Architecture = {Layers, Protocols}
DETAILS
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1.4 Reference Models
• The OSI Reference Model
• The TCP/IP Reference Model
• A Comparison of OSI and TCP/IP
• A Critique of the OSI Model and Protocols
• A Critique of the TCP/IP Reference Model
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Reference Models
The OSI reference model.
DETAILS
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Reference Models (2)
The TCP/IP reference model.
DETAILS
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Reference Models (3)
Protocols and networks in the TCP/IP model initially.
DETAILS
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Comparing OSI and TCP/IP Models
Concepts central to the OSI model
• Services
• Interfaces
• Protocols
DETAILS
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A Critique of the OSI Model and Protocols
Why OSI did not take over the world
• Bad timing
• Bad technology
• Bad implementations
• Bad politics
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Bad Timing
The apocalypse of the two elephants.
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A Critique of the TCP/IP Reference Model
Problems:• Service, interface, and protocol not distinguished• Not a general model• Host-to-network “layer” not really a layer• No mention of physical and data link layers• Minor protocols deeply entrenched, hard to replace
DETAILS
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Hybrid Model
The hybrid reference model to be used in this book.
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Architecture of the Internet
Overview of the Internet.
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Ethernet
Architecture of the original Ethernet.
Multidrop cable
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Wireless LANs
(a) Wireless networking with a base station.(b) Ad hoc networking.
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Wireless LANs (3)
A multicell 802.11 network.