Introduction à Unix et à la programmation Shell

8/4/2019 Introduction Unix et la programmation Shell

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B C o r r e s p o n d a n c e s e n t r e l e B o u r n e S h e l l e t l e C S h e l l 1 9 3

f F I w n l o n d l F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I W Q

f F P l o n d l F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I W R

f F Q i o n m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I W R

f F R l o m l l F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I W T

f F S i n o n n m n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I W U

f F S F I i m l m n d l F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I W U

f F S F P l d 9 n o n n m n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I W U

f F T i n G o d o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I W V

f F T F I i n n l n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I W V

f F T F P o n D o m n d o @ n d d d 9 A I W W

f F U v o n o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I W W

f F U F I v o n o n n n @ b u i l t i n A F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I W W

f F U F P v o n o n n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P H H

f F V v d o n l F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P H I

f F V F I v @ 4 4 A F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P H I

f F V F P g o m l l @ D A F F F F F F F F F F F F P H P

f F V F Q v o l F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P H R

f F V F Q F I f o l d 4 o 4 F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P H R

f F V F Q F P f o l d 4 l 4 F F F F F F F F F F F F P H R

f F V F R l l F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P H S

f F V F S s n o n D d o m n n F F F F F F F F F F P H T

f F V F T v o F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P H T

C U t i l i s a t i o n d e s d i t e u r s d e t e x t e s o u s U n i x 2 0 9

g F I s n o d o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P I H

g F P g o m m n d d d l 9 d F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P I P

g F P F I s n o d o n o n n o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P I P

g F P F P w o d d o n o n n m n d 4 4 F F F F F F F F F F F F F P I Q



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l d m

g F P F Q h m d 9 n o n 4 4 F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P I R

g F P F R d 4 4 F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P I R

g F P F S g o m m n d d 9 F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P I S

g F P F T s n o n d F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P I T

g F P F U e n n l o d o m m n d F F F F F F F F F F F F F P I U

g F P F V h l m n d F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P I V

g F P F W i ' m n d F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P P H

g F P F I H F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P P P

g F P F I H F I i o n d F F F F F F F F F F F F F P P P

g F P F I H F P y o n d F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P P R

g F P F I H F Q l o l o n F F F F F F F F F P P R

g F P F I I s n d n o n d F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P P S

g F P F I P g o G g o l l F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P P T

g F P F I Q w o d ( d F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P P U

g F P F I R l m n d d j m n d l 9 n P P W

g F P F I S s n o n l s h e l l F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P Q H

g F P F I T w o o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P Q P

g F P F I U g o m m n d d o n ( o n d 4 4 F F F F F F F F F F F P Q Q

g F P F I V p d 9 n l o n d 4 4 X 4 F 4 F F F F F F F F F F P Q W

g F Q g o m m n d d d l 9 d m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P R I

g F Q F I s n o d o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P R I

g F Q F P y n o n d l 9 n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P R P

g F Q F Q g l d p o n o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P R P

g F Q F R x o o n d ' F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P R Q

g F Q F R F I s n o d o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P R Q

g F Q F R F P v 4 m i n i - b u e r s 4 F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P R R

g F Q F S l o n d l 9 d F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P R R

g F Q F T l o n d l o m m n d F F F F F F F F F F F F F P R S

g F Q F T F I h l m n d n l 4 ' 4 F F F F F F F F F F P R S

g F Q F T F P G m l m n d F F F F P R S

g F Q F T F Q o n o l o l l m E

l m n d F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P R S

g F Q F T F R g o G g o G g o l l F F F F F F F F F F F F F P R T



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C o n c e p t s d e b a s e s o u s U n i x

1 . 1 N o t i o n s g n r a l e s

U n i x n m d 9 l o o n o n ( o n m n M S -

D O S

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o y n V m s

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o n l o n d F s l n 9 o

U n i x D n l D d n o o n d d F y n n o 9 n

l o n d o n d ' n o n o n n m d ( F

g l E o o n d m n X

! n o n d 9 n d @ l o n o o n d o

n o n l o l d 9 n d A Y

! n n m l d d D n o o n 9 l o l d 9 l o

d n n n o n n m n e s h I D o d 9 n o l m l o @ L o g i -

c a l V o l u m e A d n l 9 n o n n m n v w

3

D o n M e t a D e v i c e o n

o l Y

! n m d ( d n d n n m n d

@ x p n m n U n i x D o w f G g s p l 9 n o n E

n m n W i n d o w s A F

v ( I F I d o n n n d l o n o l n n o n d

l 9 o n l d n m n U n i x F

o l o m m n d U n i x d n n l m j l d m n l F

m l l D v D l v o n m o d ' n n

d l 9 n d o m m n d F

g o m m n d U n i x d n n o F v o 9 o n

n o m m n d n d l 9 n d o m m n d D l E n

o o d n l l l l o m m n d F v o l l E m n D

l o o d n n d n l m n o F

1 . M S - D O S = M i c r o s o f t D i s k O p e r a t i n g S y s t e m

2 . V M S = V i r t u a l M e m o r y S y s t e m , s y s t m e d e D i g i t a l E q u i p m e n t

3 . L V M : L o g i c a l V o l u m e M a n a g e r . C e t o u t i l , d v e l o p p l a b a s e p a r I B M p o u r s e s s y s t m e s

A I X e s t p r s e n t m a i n t e n a n t s u r l a p l u p a r t d e s U n i x c o m m e r c i a u x e t d a n s l e s e n v i r o n n e m e n t s

L i n u x .

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g I F g o n d o U n i x

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Systme de fichiers compos d'undisque physique

Systme de fichiers compos de2 disques physiques

Systme de fichiers compos d'undisque physique

Systme de fichiers compos de3 disques physiques

F i g . I F I ! O r g a n i s a t i o n d e l ' a r b o r e s c e n c e U n i x a v e c l e s s y s t m e s d e c h i e r s

R F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I


19/282

I F P F g o n n o n d o n n o n

1 . 2 C o n n e x i o n e t d c o n n e x i o n

g o m m o m m l E l m l E D U n i x o

l X

! n n o m l l o g i n @ l n U s e r n a m e F d y n V m s D o

l o g o n n a m e d W i n d o w s N T A Y

! n m o d Y

! n n m o d 9 l n o U I D

4

@ l n l 9 U I C

y n V m s o l o g o n I D d W i n d o w s N T A F

o n n D l m o o d m n d l m o

l o g i n o m o d F l d o n l d D U n i x n l o

n o n n m n d l F

R e m a r q u e 1 . 1 :

P o u r d e s r a i s o n s d e s c u r i t , c o m m e s o u s O p e n V m s e t W i n d o w s

N T , U n i x n e v e r i e p a s q u e l e n o m d e l o g i n e x i s t e . U n e f o i s q u e

l e s d e u x i n f o r m a t i o n s s e r o n t s a i s i e s , c ' e s t - - d i r e n o m d e l o g i n e t

m o t d e p a s s e , i l i r a c h e r c h e r d a n s l a b a s e d e s u t i l i s a t e u r s s ' i l e x i s t e

u n e n r e g i s t r e m e n t e t u n s e u l p o u r l e s q u e l l e s c e s d e u x i n f o r m a t i o n s

s o n t e x a c t e s . S i c e l a , n ' e s t p a s l e c a s , U n i x a c h e r a l e m e s s a g e

d ' e r r e u r s u i v a n t :

s n l l o n n m F

s a n s a u t r e f o r m e d e r e n s e i g n e m e n t s .

i n o n o n d d o d l D 9 E E d m n l o o n

d l d o n d 9 n n o n n m n D l m o d d d o n n o n

d m F

o n o n n m n d l n m n l D l o m m n d

d d o n n o n X

h n l d o n d l D l d n d d l 9 n

l o n n F i n ' D l n l d o n X

! C D E o g o m m o n h k o i n o n m n D n o n n m n

d l o l l o n r l E k d @ H P V U E A n E

d l 9 n m l d U n i x o m m o m m S o l a r i s D D i g i t a l U n i x D

H P U X D A I X D I r i x D F

! f v w m 9 5 D n o n n m n l F r e e S o f t w a r e F o u n d a t i o n

l d L i n u x D n o n n m n d o n l n o n m l

W i n d o w s W S @ A W i n d o w s N T R @ o A F v o d

n o n n m n o n d o n l l d 9 F s l d o n o l d

l m o n 9 m o l l o m U n i x @ o m m y n V m s F

! K D E D n o n n m n l F r e e S o f t w a r e F o u n d a t i o n l

d L i n u x D n o n n m n d o n l n o n n n

m l n n C D E l 9 A c t i v e D e s k t o p d M i c r o s o f t C o r p . F

4 . U I D = U s e r I D e n t i e r

F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I S


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! g n o m e D n o n n m n l F r e e S o f t w a r e F o u n d a t i o n l

d l o n d L i n u x

5

D n o n n m n o n o j

n n o l m n l o l o l d n l F

! 4 D w m D n o n n m n d o n l l l m n

l o n S i l i c o n G r a p h i c s I n c . F

! F

s l l n d o d 9 n o d d l o m n

d m n l o n n o F x o d d l l o n l m o d d

d o n n o n o n d n F

g o m m o m o n m o d o n l D l

n o m m n d o l n F o U n i x o m m n d F

i l l o d m n d l 9 n n m o d D l n o m o d n

o n ( m o n F

E n r s u m :

h o n n o n d m F

d g n m n d m o d F

v l I F I d o n n n l n n l m U n i x y n V m s d

D i g i t a l E q u i p m e n t F

U n i x y n V m s

v y q y

i e y h

T a b . I F I ! q u i v a l e n c e s U n i x e t O p e n V m s p o u r l a d c o n n e x i o n e t l e c h a n g e -

m e n t d e m o t d e p a s s e .

R e m a r q u e 1 . 2 :

S i v o u s t e s c o n n e c t d i s t a n c e s u r l e s y s t m e U n i x g r c e l a c o m m a n d e

l n ( o u t o u t a u t r e t y p e d e p r o t o c o l e s i m i l a i r e c o m m e L A T ,

l e c o m p o r t e m e n t o b t e n u e s t q u i v a l e n t c e l u i d ' u n t e r m i n a l p a s s i f .

1 . 3 F o r m a t d ' u n e c o m m a n d e

n o m m n d o n d 9 n n o m d 9 m n F v

n m o d 9 n o m m n d n o l o E

l o n F

S y n t a x e :

5 . R e d H a t C o r p . p r v o i t d ' i n t g r e r c e t y p e d ' i n t e r f a c e e n s t a n d a r d d a n s c e s p r o c h a i n e s

v e r s i o n s .

T F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I


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I F R F v m n l U n i x

7 o m m n o o n m n ` g b

E x e m p l e 1 . 1 :

7 n n r s

7 l E l m o l l l n l o h v

R e m a r q u e 1 . 3 :

S o u s U n i x , o n f a i t l a d i r e n c e e n t r e m a j u s c u l e s e t m i n u s c u l e s . P a r

c o n s q u e n t l , v , l e t v s o n t q u a t r e s t e r m e s d i r e n t s . D e m m e ,

s i o n d e m a n d e , p a r e x e m p l e , d e t a p e r , i l n e f a u d r a p a s t a p e r

.

1 . 4 L e m a n u e l U n i x

1 . 4 . 1 I n t r o d u c t i o n , l e s s e c t i o n s

v m n l d n d n l o n F g n o o n d

n j n l F

o n I X v o m m n d l F

o n I m X v o m m n d d 9 d m n o n m F

o n P X v l m @ o m m o n A F

o n Q X v l d o E o n @ o m m o n A F

o n R X v ( F

o n S X v o m d ( F

o n T X v d j F

o n U X o l d F

o n V X v o m m n d d 9 d m n o n m F

o n W X q l o F

i n n l D o n o d n l d o m n o n l o o n o m d

m n l l m F s l o n d o l o n d n l l l o

l m n l d 9 n o m m n d F i n ' D d n o d o m n o n D l n

o n o n o l o m n X m @ n A o m l n o m d l

o m m n d n l n m o d l o n F

1 . 4 . 2 F o r m a t d ' u n e p a g e d u m a n u e l

n d m n l o n n n n l l I I n X

! N A M E

! S Y N O P S Y S @ n A

! H A R D W A R E D E P E N D E N C I E S

! E X A M P L E S

! F I L E S

! R E T U R N V A L U E

! S E E A L S O

! D I A G N O S T I C S

F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I U


22/282


! B U G S

! W A R N I N G S

! A U T H O R

g n d d l o n n X

N A M E

g o n n l n o m d l o m m n d n 9 n d o n n F v

d o n l o n l 9 n d n l F

S Y N O P S Y S

s n d o m m n l o m m n d l l l F e 0 n l

l 9 l d o n m n m n l F v m n

o @ A o n o o n n l F v m l n m E

l d o F v n o n l o m o n

l 9 m n d n F 9 l d o l d o n

d S Y N O P S Y S D l z D E S C R I P T I O N F

D E S C R I P T I O N

g o n n n d o n d l l d l o m m n d F

H A R D W A R E D E P E N D E N C I E S

n l l n d 9 l o o n l o n l m l F

E X A M P L E S

g n d m n l o n d m l o j o l m d m

n d m o m n d l o m m n d F

F I L E S

o l ( l o m m n d l F

R E T U R N V A L U E

h l l n o d 9 n l o m m F

S E E A L S O

n o d 9 d m n l o n d o m n o n o

d l m l n n m n F

D I A G N O S T I C S

l o m m n d o d m d 9 D l o n l

@ n n l 3 3 3 A F

B U G S

h l @ o A F o n l o o n d o l m

o n l d n l 9 l o n d o m m n d F

W A R N I N G S

d m B U G S F

1 . 4 . 3 L a c o m m a n d e m a n

v o m m n d m n d n l d ' n o n @ I D P D Q D R D S D T D U D V D W D I m A

l m o l F i l l 9 l m m o l o F e n D m l D o n

m m n l 9 d @ I A l o m m n d m n

Y o o @ R A D l d l o m m n d m n R

F n o o D l l 0 l o n n d 9 n ( d 9 d l 9 n

n n d l n o n F g l E o o n d l d m n l o F

V F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I


23/282

I F S F s n o d o n l n o o n d l e s y s t e m

o l l n n X r e t u r n

o l 9 n n X s p a c e

o X o

S y n t a x e :

7 m n n o m m n

y l 9 o o n n l n m o d 9 n o n

R e m a r q u e 1 . 4 :

I l e s t p o s s i b l e d ' a v o i r u n e l i s t e d e c o m m a n d e s c o n c e r n e s p a r u n m o t

c l e f d e d e u x f a o n s :

7 m n E k m o E l ( k c o m m e k e y w o r d )

o u b i e n

7 o o m o E l

C e c i n e f o n c t i o n n e r a q u e s i l ' a d m i n i s t r a t e u r a c o n s t i t u l a b a s e d e

d o n n e s r f r e n a n t l e s m o t s c l e f s d a n s l e m a n u e l ( c h i e r ) .

1 . 4 . 3 . 1 E q u i v a l e n c e s

v l I F P d o n n n l n n l m y n V m s d D i g i t a l

E q u i p m e n t D M S - D O S U n i x F

U n i x y n V m s M S - D O S

m n r i v r i v

o o r i v r i v

T a b . I F P ! q u i v a l e n c e s O p e n V m s , M S - D O S e t U n i x p o u r a c c d e r l ' a i d e

1 . 5 I n t r o d u c t i o n l a n o t i o n d e l e s y s t e m

1 . 5 . 1 S t r u c t u r e a r b o r e s c e n t e

x o o n d m m n 9 l n 9 l d n o o n d d o

U n i x F s l n d m m o l F h o n n l D o

( F y n n o d o n D n l D 9 n l o n o n E

d o d ( d n l o d m @ F (

I F P A F v n o m d 9 n ( o U n i x n d F s l n 9

d n o o n d d ( d n m o d o n o m m y n V m s o

M S - D O S F v F o n d o m m n n d n l

n o m d ( n o n D o m m y n V m s o M S - D O S D l d

o n n l n o m d ( o n F s l d o n o l d 9 o n

( d o n l n o m o m o l F F v l o o d n o m d (

m l d o n l l d l 9 n o n n m n M a c O S F

F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I W


24/282


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R e m a r q u e 1 . 5 :

C e r t a i n s c a r a c t r e s s o n t v i t e r d a n s l e s n o m s d e c h i e r s t e l s q u e :

l ' e s p a c e ;

l a t a b u l a t i o n ;

l e c a r a c t r e Y ;

t o u t c a r a c t r e d e c o n t r l e ( e s c , c t r l H , c t r l C ,

e t c . ) .

R e m a r q u e 1 . 6 :

L e s n o m s d e c h i e r s t i e n n e n t c o m p t e d e s m a j u s c u l e s / m i n u s c u l e s .

P a r e x e m p l e : s w y x e t m o n s o n t d e u x c h i e r s d i f -

f r e n t s .

1 . 5 . 2 L e s c h e m i n s d ' a c c s

y n d n d d m n d 9 ( X

! l m n d 9 o l Y

! l m n d 9 l F

v c h e m i n s d ' a c c s a b s o l u s ( n n n o m d ( o d o

d l n F v m n d 9 o l o m m n n d o n G

l n o m d l n o d r o o t d i r e c t o r y F

v c h e m i n s d ' a c c s r e l a t i f s ( n n n o m d ( o d o

d o o n D l w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y F o n n D

m n n o m m n n G @ m l X G A F

E n r s u m :

g m n d 9 o l X

! g o m m n n G Y

! n n l o o n l o r o o t d i r e c t o r y F

I H F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I


25/282

I F S F s n o d o n l n o o n d l e s y s t e m

g m n d 9 l X

! x o m m n n G D

! n n l o o n l o o o E

n F

E x e m p l e 1 . 2 :

m d l m n l d l m n o l

U n i x F F G o G o m G G m o l l

y n V m s l E F o l k 6 X m o l l

M S - D O S g h F F i i g h g X i g r w y v v

1 . 5 . 3 P r i n c i p a u x r p e r t o i r e s U n i x

R o o t d i r e c t o r y ( G )

g 9 l d l 9 o n F s l n 9 9 n n l n l ( l

m F v r o o t d i r e c t o r y l l o n F o l (

m n d 9 o l o n l r o o t d i r e c t o r y d n l m n d 9 F

R p e r t o i r e s G n e t G n

v o G n G n o n n n n l o m m n d d U n i x d

l o n I @ l D D m D m D l n D F A l n l o d d m

d m F v ( o n n d n o n o n d

l F

R p e r t o i r e G

v o G o n n l ( m n d o m m E

n o l o m m l d D l m n D l

d o l d n d D l m m n D F

R p e r t o i r e G

v o G o n n o l ( d 9 d m n o n n n

n o m d o m m n d m F v o G o n o n n o m

6

F

R p e r t o i r e s G o m e t G o o

v o G o m o n n l o o n n l d l d

m F

v o G o o l o o n n l d l 9 d m n F

R p e r t o i r e G e t s o u s - r p e r t o i r e s

v o G o n n n n n o m d o E o F g n

o n n l ( n o n o n n m n n m o d n o m l d

m

7

F m l X

! G G n G G n o n n n n l o m m n d l m n

n o n o n n d n G n G n Y

! G G l o n n l l o o l o n o n n m n d 9 U n i x

o l d l o m n Y

! G G n l o n n l ( d d l o n d o n o n E

m o l d l o m n F

6 . e t c a v r a i m e n t t c h o i s i p o u r l a s i g n i c a t i o n d e e t c a e t e r a

7 . m o d e m u l t i - u t i l i s a t e u r s

F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I I I


26/282


R p e r t o i r e G

v o G o n n l ( l @ l d 9 m o E

d ( m m n A X j o n @ l o A D E m l D d d o n n D D

F F F

1 . 6 L e s e n t r e s / s o r t i e s

e o n d o D l o ' o n d o m E

m n o n X

! l 9 n n d d Y

! l o n d d Y

! l o d 9 n d d F

v ( I F Q l l l o n d o m m n o n o d

o l m U n i x F

F i g . I F Q ! E n t r e s / S o r t i e s d ' u n p r o c e s s u s

g n d o n o ' n n o m d ( n n m o X

g n l d o m m n o n p x m o l o

i n n d d n H

o n d d o I

o d 9 n d d P

v ( n @ e n t r e s t a n d a r d A D l ( d l l o

l l d o n n n n n F s l o l n m o l o H @ l e

d e s c r i p t o r C A D l D d o l F

v ( o @ s o r t i e s t a n d a r d A D l ( d n l l l o

l m 9 l o d n o D d n l d 9 n o n n o m l F

s l o l n m o l o I @ l e d e s c r i p t o r C A D l D d

o l 9 n F

v ( @ s o r t i e d ' e r r e u r s s t a n d a r d A D l ( d n l l l

o l m d 9 F s l o l n m o l o P

@ l e d e s c r i p t o r C A D l d o l 9 n F

R e m a r q u e 1 . 7 :

O n d i s t i n g u e t o u j o u r s d e u x c a n a u x d e s o r t i e s ( u n p o u r l e s s o r t i e s

n o r m a l e s e t u n p o u r l e s e r r e u r s ) . E n e e t , s i u n p r o c e s s d o i t c r i r e

I P F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I


27/282

I F U F v ( l

d a n s u n c h i e r e t q u ' u n e e r r e u r s e p r o d u i t ( i m p o s s i b i l i t d ' c r i r e p a r

e x e m p l e ) , i l f a u t a c h e r u n m e s s a g e s u r u n c a n a l d e s o r t i e d i r e n t .

v l I F Q d o n n l l n d n o m d n d 9 n G o

n l m U n i x y n V m s d h l F

U n i x y n V m s

n 6 s x

o 6 y

6 i y

T a b . I F Q ! q u i v a l e n c e s d e s n o m s d e s c a n a u x d ' e n t r e s / s o r t i e s e n t r e U n i x e t

O p e n V m s

1 . 7 L e s l t r e s

n ( l n o m m n d U n i x d n ' n o n l d o n n

n l d l 9 n n d d 0 l l n l

o n d d F

v ( I F R m o n l n d ( l o U n i x F

F i g . I F R ! P r i n c i p e d e s l t r e s s o u s U n i x

s l o l d 9 n n l ( l l n F o n D l

o n d n ( n d n n d o n o m o o m m d

( l F

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28/282


I R F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I


29/282

C h a p i t r e 2

C o m m a n d e s U n i x

2 . 1 C o m m a n d e s l i e s a u l e s y s t e m

2 . 1 . 1 C o m m a n d e s p w d e t c d

a n o k n h o

a g n h o

S y n t a x e :

e 0 l m n d 9 o l d o o E

n F

o g n l o o n F

E x e m p l e 2 . 1 :

7

G o m G G

7 G o m G G m o l l

v l P F I d o n n n l n d o m m n d d d l m n d n

l 9 o n n U n i x y n V m s F

U n i x y n V m s

i h i p e v

r y h i p e v

T a b . P F I ! q u i v a l e n c e d e s c o m m a n d e s d e d p l a c e m e n t d a n s l ' a r b o r e s c e n c e s u r

l e s y s t m e

2 . 1 . 2 C o m m a n d e l s

S y n t a x e :

l E l p F F F

v l o n n d 9 n o F

F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I I S


30/282

g P F g o m m n d U n i x

v o m m n d 4 l 4 n m n D l l n o m d ( @ o d E

o A n d n l o o n F g o m m n d D l n

n o m d ( o m m m n D m d ( l 9 n d l E F

l 9 m n l n n o m d o D 4 l 4 n l l o n n F

s l d n o m o o n o l o m m n d 4 l 4 F v l E

d o l o o n l l l F

E l 0 l d ( D l o o n D l n o m d l n

l ( D l o D l o D l l l n o D l d d

d n m o d ( o n l n o m d ( F

E p j o n 4 G 4 l n o m d o D n 4 B 4

( o d n l d o d 9 o n n 4 d 4

( l n @ F o n P F P F Q A F

E l o l ( o m l ( F

E l l ( l o d o n F

E n d n d d n n o l m n n o m d

o F

E x e m p l e 2 . 2 :

7 l E p

I G I P B Q d

7 l E

F F F F o l I I P Q

7 l E l

E E E Q m o l l m P R t l P S I H X H H P

E E E E E E I m o l l m Q U t l P S I P X H H I

E E E I m o l l m Q U t l P S I P X H H P

l E E E E E I m o l l m Q U t l P S I P X H H Q E b G m G

7 l E

I I P Q

F G I X

R S

7 l E I

I

v l P F P m o n l l n n l o m m n d d m

U n i x D y n V m s M S - D O S o 0 l l d ( d 9 n o F


l h s i g y h s

l E l h s i g y G p v v N / A

l E h s i g y F F F A b s e n t d e g y w w e x h F g y w

l h s i g y F i h s i

l E h s i g y i F h s h s i

T a b . P F P ! q u i v a l e n c e s e n t r e s y s t m e s p o u r a c h e r l a l i s t e d e s c h i e r s d ' u n

r p e r t o i r e

I T F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I


31/282

P F I F g o m m n d l ( l m

2 . 1 . 3 C o m m a n d e s m k d i r e t r m d i r

S y n t a x e :

m k E o F F F @ m k d o A

m o F F F @ m o d o A

v o m m n d m k m d d o F v o 9 n o

D l o d o m m n d o o X 4 F 4 4 F F 4

o n m n l l o n F v o m m n d m m d m d E

o F v o m d o n m m n d @ l n

d o n o n n l o 4 F 4 4 F F 4 A F h 9 D l m o E

l d m d o o n n l n l o

o n F g n d d o m m n d o l m n F v

m n d m k o n l n o m d o F v m n d

m d o n d n o m d o d j n F h n l d D

o n l d m n d 9 l o o l F

R e m a r q u e 2 . 1 :

L o r s q u ' o n u t i l i s e l a c o m m a n d e m a v e c p l u s i e u r s a r g u m e n t s ,

m d t r u i t l e s r p e r t o i r e s d a n s l ' o r d r e d a n s l e q u e l i l s o n t t p r -

c i s s s u r l a l i g n e d e c o m m a n d e . P a r c o n s q u e n t , s i l ' o n v e u t e n d -

t r u i r e p l u s i e u r s , l ' o r d r e s u r l a l i g n e d e c o m m a n d e a u n e i m p o r t a n c e .

E x e m p l e 2 . 3 :

7 m k m o n

7 m k m o n G I m o n G P m o n G I G I I

7 m k m o n G Q G Q I

7 m m o n G P

7 m m o n G Q G Q I m o n G Q

7 m m o n G I G I I m o n G I m o n

v l P F Q m o n l l n n l o m m n d d m

U n i x D y n V m s M S - D O S o l o n d o F


m k g i e i G h s i g y w h o w u h s

m h i v i i h o w h s

T a b . P F Q ! q u i v a l e n c e s e n t r e s y s t m e s p o u r l a g e s t i o n d e s r p e r t o i r e s

2 . 1 . 4 R p e r t o i r e s " . " e t " . . "

n d n o D l m n o m m n d o E

o n n d l n l o l o X

! l o 4 F 4 a o o n D

! l o 4 F F 4 a o F

v o 4 F F 4 l o n o d d

o o n d n l 9 o n d ( l m F e n l 0 d 9 l

4 F F 4 d n n m n d 9 l o n l o F

F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I I U


32/282


m l 4 F F 4 m o n d 9 n n d n l 9 o n 4 m o F F G F F G 4

l l o n n d 9 n ( d n d d n l 9 o n F v ( E

P F I m o n l l n n l o 4 F 4 4 F F 4 l o ( l

F

F i g . P F I ! L i e n s d e s r p e r t o i r e s " F " e t " F F "

v l P F R m o n d m l d 9 l n n l m U n i x D

y n V m s M S - D O S d m n l o n d o 4 F 4 4 F F 4 F


F F

F F E F F

F F G F F ! F F F F

T a b . P F R ! E x e m p l e s d ' e q u i v a l e n c e s e n t r e s y s t m e s p o u r l a m a n i p u l a t i o n d e s

r p e r t o i r e s " F " e t " F F "

2 . 2 C o m m a n d e s d e m a n i p u l a t i o n d e c h i e r s

2 . 2 . 1 A t t r i b u t s d ' u n c h i e r

d ( n o n D n ( n d 9 o o d n l E

n X

! n D

! n m d o o n D

! n n o m d l n d 9 ( D

! n o o D

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33/282

P F P F g o m m n d d m n l o n d (

! n l l D

! n d d o n d d n m o d ( o n D

! n n o m F

v d ' n d ( o n X

o d

n d d E

o

l n m o l l

( l m o d l o k

( l m o d

( l m o d n

n o m m

v 4 l n m o l 4 o o n d n ( l o n n E

m n n F

v 4 ( l m o d l o k 4 4 ( l m o d 4

n o m m n l @ d D m n D F A F

v 4 ( l m o d 4 d n l d o m m n o n n

o d ' n m n F

v 4 n o m m 4 d n l d o m m n o n n d ' n o E

n m m m n F

2 . 2 . 2 A c h a g e d u c o n t e n u d ' u n c h i e r - C o m m a n d e s c a t

e t m o r e

S y n t a x e :

F F F

m o F F F

v o m m n d o n n l o n n d ( n m n 0

l o n n l o n d d F

v o m m n d m o l l o n n d ( n

n F o l l n D l 0 d s p a c e D o d

r e t u r n ( n d l n l n l m n F o m n

l l o n n l ( n d ( D l o 4 4 o 4 4 F h 9

o m m n d o n d o n l D o l l o 4 4 o 4 r 4 l o

m o m n d 9 0 n n F

v l P F S m o n l 9 l n n l o m m n d m o

d 9 m @ y n V m s M S - D O S A F

2 . 2 . 3 M a n i p u l a t i o n d e c h i e r s - C o m m a n d e s c p , m v e t l n

D n i t i o n :

F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I I W


34/282



i

m o G i F F F | w y i

T a b . P F S ! q u i v a l e n c e e n t r e e t m o e t d ' a u t r e s s y s t m e s

o l ( F

m n o m m l ( o G o d l l

( F

l n n l n n ( o n o F

S y n t a x e :

E E o n o n m E E o n o n l n E E o l n E n o n

v o l o m m n d 4 4 n o d d @ 4 I P 4 A D

l l ' n o d ( o l ( d n o n F l E E

d j l m o m l l n o F

v o l o m m n d 4 4 o d l d d m n @ l ( E

o A D l d n o n o l o m n n o @ 4 I

P o 4 A F h n D l l d l ( d n l E

o ( F 9 l n d j o l m m n o m D l o n m o

m l l o F

v o m m n d 4 m 4 d o n m l X

! l l n o d d m n D l l n o m m l ( o o

l n o n o m D

! l l o d l m n D l d n o n o l o m n n

o F h n D l l d l l ( o d n l o

( F

h m m D d ( n d j o l m m n o m D l o n E

m F h n l l o l o m m n d 4 m 4 n o d d E

m n l d n o n n n o m d o D l ( o d l

n o o n d l 9 o n F

v ( o d l o m m n d 4 4 n n d o F

v ( o d l o m m n d 4 m 4 n d n 9 m o l

F

v o m m n d 4 l n 4 o l 9 n ( l n o m D o n

d o n d l n n ( F v n X

l n I P

! I d j D o o d l n o

n o m P F

! P l o l I F

y n d n d d l n X l l n m o l l l n l o F

P H F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I


35/282

P F P F g o m m n d d m n l o n d (

! h n l d l n m o l D P @ ( l n A o n I

@ ( o A m n d 9 d n o m o n l d F

o n n D I ' D l o n n d P o n

l o d 9 n n F L ' i n f o r m a t i o n e s t d o n c p e r d u e F

! h n l d l n l o D I @ ( o A P @ ( E

l n A o n n d m n l d o n n d n l d F

o n n D I ' D l e c o n t e n u n ' e s t p a s p e r d u e t e s t

t o u j o u r s a c c e s s i b l e p a r P F

v ( P F P m o n l d ' n n l l n m o l l l n

l o d l l o n l n o m o n l m d ( F

F i g . P F P ! D i r e n c e e n t r e l e s l i e n s s y m b o l i q u e s e t l e s l i e n s l o g i q u e s

R e m a r q u e 2 . 2 :

D e u x o u p l u s i e u r s c h i e r s l i s p a r u n l i e n l o g i q u e d o i v e n t r s i d e r s u r

l e m m e s y s t m e d e c h i e r s .

2 . 2 . 3 . 1 V i s u a l i s a t i o n d u n o m b r e d e l i e n s a v e c l a c o m m a n d e l

E x e m p l e 2 . 4 :

l 9 o n n d l 9 m l d o m m n d n X

7 l E l

l n l o m l n

7 l n E l n l o l

7 l n m l n n n

7 l E l

E E E E E E I m o l l n o o Q U t l P S I P X H H

l E E E E E I m o l l n o o Q U t l P S I P X H Q l E b l n l o

E E E P m o l l n o o Q U t l P S I P X H I n n

E E E E E E I m o l l n o o Q U t l P S I P X H P l n l o

E E E P m o l l n o o Q U t l P S I P X H I m l n

F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I P I


36/282


d o n

! l n l n m o l l n l o D

! n n n l n l o l m m n o m o n

l l o n l ( m l n F

y n m l ( l d 4 l i e n 4 o n l

( l n l o F v n o m d l n o l 1 @ n l n

l n l o A F

E n c o n c l u s i o n , p o u r l e s l i e n s s y m b o l i q u e s :

v 9 n o m o n l d d n m n l (

4 l n l o 4 F

v o 9 o n d ( 4 l 4 D l m D n o l 9 d n ( n

d ( 4 l n l o 4 F o n n D l ( 4 l n l o 4

d D 4 l 4 d l n d o n n F

E n c o n c l u s i o n , p o u r l e s l i e n s l o g i q u e s :

o n D l d ( 4 m l n 4 4 n n 4 o E

o n d n n 4 c h i e r r g u l i e r 4 o 4 s t a n d a r d 4 F h l D l o m m n d

4 l E l 4 n d d e u x l i e n s F i n ' D l s e c t e u r s l d

o o n d n d n o m d ' n @ ( m l n

n n A F

v 9 n o m o n n d 9 n l o l d m l l

d d n o m d ( d ' n F o n n D

l ( 4 m l n 4 d D l m o j o

d o n n l ( 4 n n 4 F

v l m o n d o n n l l o n n d l n l o

d o n n l 9 d n ( n l d @ 4 i - n o d e 4 A d

l ( l n n F

v l P F T m o n l o o n d n d o m m n d D m l n n

l m d 9 l o o n U n i x D y n V m s M S - D O S F


g y g y

m i x e w i i x

l n i p s v i G i x i d 9 l n

T a b . P F T ! q u i v a l e n c e d e s c o m m a n d e s , m e t l n e n t r e U n i x , O p e n V m s e t

M S - D O S

2 . 2 . 4 E a c e m e n t d ' u n c h i e r - C o m m a n d e r m

S y n t a x e :

m E F F F

v o m m n d 4 m 4 l o ' d ( F n o ' D l

( n n l

1

F v o m m n d m m o n n

1 . m o i n s , b i e n s r , d e d i p o s e r d ' u n s y s t m e d e s a u v e g a r d e

P P F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I


37/282

P F Q F o o n l (

m n F l m n o n o n l o m m n d D o l (

( o n ' n o n o n d m o d d o o n F

v 9 o o n 4 E 4 @ A n d l m d 9 ' n E

o o o n o n n F

v 9 o o n 4 E 4 @ n A d m n d n o n ( m o n @ o n A

( ' F

v 9 o o n 4 E 4 @ o A n l n o m 4 m 4 d o o n d

( D m n m n d o F o o z d o n ' o ( D

m m 9 l o n o F

A T T E N T I O N A U X C A T A S T R O P H E S A V E C L E S

O P T I O N S " - f " E T S U R T O U T " - r " ! ! !

v l P F U d o n n l o o n d n d d ' n o m o m n d l

o m m n d m n l m d 9 l o o n U n i x D y n V m s M S - D O S F


m h i v i i h i v

m E h i v i i G g y x p s w d 9 l n

T a b . P F U ! q u i v a l e n c e s d e l a c o m m a n d e m e n t r e U n i x , O p e n V m s e t M S - D O S .

2 . 3 P r o t e c t i o n s s u r l e s c h i e r s

2 . 3 . 1 N o t i o n d ' i d e n t i t s o u s U n i x

g o m m o m m l E l D m l E D o d z o d n E

n d o o l l o U n i x X

! o n o m d l o n o l o g n a m e D

! o m o d F

h o n ( D l m l n l 9 n d o m m n d

o n m o d 9 l X l 9 U I D

2

F s l l o n o l o

@ n o n o n d o ( l l A X l G I D

3

F

e d m o m n D o l o E o n o n l n o l

m m d n D 9 d l m m U I D G G I D F

g ( o U n i x o d n o @ o n U I D A n

o @ o n G I D A F h o n n l D l o l o d

( o o n d n d o l 9 F

v o d ( n m o d ( l n F

v o d ( n m o d ( l o F

2 . U I D = U s e r I d e n t i e r

3 . G I D = G r o u p I d e n t i e r

F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I P Q


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e n d m n m d o o n D l n 9 d l o n n l G I D

l 9 U I D F n l n U I D d o n n d n l d ( n q s h

d ' n D l l n d o F v n m o d 9 U I D n

l F

s l n 9 d o n d n o o n d o l @ U I D D G I D A m m

y n V m s l s g 4 o D m m 4 F

v 9 d m n d m @ o o o s u p e r - u s e r l n i w

y n V m s A o m m l o d o l ( F

v l P F V d o n n l l n n U n i x y n V m s o l

n o o n d 9 d n l m F

U n i x y n V m s

l o n m n m

s h U I C

q s h o d n l 9 U I C

T a b . P F V ! q u i v a l e n c e s p o u r l e s n o t i o n s d ' i d e n t i t s e n t r e U n i x e t O p e n V m s

2 . 3 . 2 P e r m i s s i o n s

o U n i x D o n d n o m o d d 9 X

! l 9 n l D

! l 9 n D

! l 9 n o n F

i n o n o n d d ( @ n o o n ( n d d A D l m o d

d o o n m d l o n d d n l l P F W F

e p o

v v o n n d (

l F

l o n n d o

l

a

F

v o n n d (

m o d ( F

v o n n d o

m o d (

b

F

i o n v ( l

n o m m n d

c

F

v o d n

l o o n F

T a b . P F W ! A c t i o n s p o s s i b l e s e n f o n c t i o n d u m a s q u e d e p r o t e c t i o n

a

V i s i b l e p a r l a c o m m a n d e " l s " p a r e x e m p l e .

b

C r a t i o n , s u p p r e s s i o n d e c h i e r s , e t c .

c

R e p o r t e z v o u s l a p a r t i e I I I .

R e m a r q u e 2 . 3 :

R e m a r q u e s s u r l e s p r o t e c t i o n s d ' u n r p e r t o i r e

S i l e r p e r t o i r e e s t a c c e s s i b l e e n l e c t u r e , a l o r s o n p e u t v o i r l e s c h i e r s

q u i s ' y t r o u v e n t p a r l a c o m m a n d e l p a r e x e m p l e .

P R F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I


39/282

P F Q F o o n l (

S i l e r p e r t o i r e e s t a c c e s s i b l e e n c r i t u r e , i l e s t a l o r s p o s s i b l e d e f a i r e

d e s m a n i p u l a t i o n s s u r l e s c h i e r s q u i s ' y t r o u v e n t a v e c l e s c o m -

m a n d e s m , e t m . I l f a u t d o n c b i e n f a i r e a t t e n t i o n c e m o d e

d e p r o t e c t i o n .

S i l e r p e r t o i r e e s t a c c e s s i b l e e n e x c u t i o n , i l p e u t d e v e n i r l e r p e r -

t o i r e c o u r a n t a v e c l a c o m m a n d e .

P a r c o n s q u e n t , p o u r q u ' u n c h i e r p u i s s e t r e e a c , i l f a u t a v o i r

l e s d r o i t s d ' c r i t u r e s u r l e r p e r t o i r e q u i l e c o n t i e n t .

v o o n d 9 n ( n o n X

! l n l @ A D

! l n o @ o A D

! l n @ o A F

v ( P F Q d l m o d d 9 d 9 n o n ( F

-

-

-

-

-

-

?

?

?

??

? x o n

x o n

x o n

x o n

x o n

y

y

y

y

y

v ( E E l l m m

U I D l o c

v m d o E

o n 4 n U t i l i s a t e u r 4

o E E l l 9 c

v m d o E

o n 4 n G r o u p e 4

o E E l l 9 c

v ( E E l n G I D

d n q s h o l 9 n

d o o n d

d o c

v m d o o n

4 n A u t r e 4 o E

E l l 9 c

e

e

F i g . P F Q ! A l g o r i t h m e d e v r i c a t i o n d e s d r o i t s d ' a c c s s o u s U n i x

2 . 3 . 3 C h a n g e m e n t d e p r o t e c t i o n - C o m m a n d e c h m o d

S y n t a x e :

m o m o F F F

X

m o a m d o o n

o n m o a ` | | o b ` C | E b ` | | b

F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I P S


40/282


v m o n n m o d ( o n ( o n o

l o @ o l 9 d m n A n l n l o m m n d 4 m o 4 F

s l o l d ( l n o m d o o n d d o n X

! l o l d m d o o n n o c t a l D

! n l m d o o n n n F

v m d o o n n o l 9 n d l o n n X

! l d o d l 9 n l o o n d 22 = 4 D

! l d o d l 9 n o o n d 21 = 2

D

! l d o d l 9 n o n o o n d 20 = 1 F

v l P F I H m l d ' n l o d ' n d o

d 9 F

d o d 9 l o n

22 21 20

R P I

o n l

T a b . P F I H ! V a l e u r s a s s o c i e s a u x d i r e n t s d r o i t s d ' a c c s

o ' l d o d 9 n ( o n o D l 0 d

o d d l o n n X

! o n d d o n n n l l o l o o n d 9 D

! o n ' o o n o n d 9 @ u t i l i s a t e u r D g r o u p e D

a u t r e A F

E x e m p l e 2 . 5 :

v l P F I I d o n n n m l d l d m o

' o n ( n m n o l F

U t i l i s a t e u r G r o u p e A u t r e

E E E E

I I I I H I H H H

22 1 21 1 20 1 22 1 21 0 20 1 22 0 21 0 20 0U S H

T a b . P F I I ! E x e m p l e d ' a e c t a t i o n d ' u n m a s q u e e n o c t a l

n o n d l m d o o n d d D o

n D l o n l l 9 o n o o l 9 o n n d o

m d o o n o n F v o n l d n l

o m m n d 4 m o 4 o n d d n l l P F I P F

o n D l o m m n d 4 m o 4 n d n m d o o n

d X

` o o n l l b C ` m o n b o o n D

` o o n l l b E ` m o n b o m n F

P T F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I


41/282

P F Q F o o n l (

e o n l

m o

n ( o n o m o n ( o n

n l

o n o

o o n

n l

n

n o n

T a b . P F I P ! A b r v i a t i o n s u t i l i s e s p a r l a c o m m a n d e " m o "

E x e m p l e 2 . 6 :

v m l d o n n d n l l P F I Q m o n n o m m n m o d E

( l o o n d 9 n ( o l l o n d j

' F

i m l n ( o n

C j o l d o d l D d 9

d 9 o n n d l 9 l E

F

C j o l d o d l d 9 E

o n n d o F

E l d o n n

d o F

o E o l o l E

l @ n l o D n n l E

d m m o A F

T a b . P F I Q ! E x e m p l e s d e m o d i c a t i o n s d e s p r o t e c t i o n s p a r r a p p o r t c e l l e s d j

a c t i v e s

R e m a r q u e 2 . 4 :

I l e s t p o s s i b l e d ' a v o i r d e s q u i v a l e n c e s e n t r e l e s d e u x f o n c t i o n n e -

m e n t s . P a r e x e m p l e , l e s d e u x c o m m a n d e s s u i v a n t e s s o n t q u i v a -

l e n t e s :

7 m o U S H

7 m o C C E o E

2 . 3 . 4 R e m a r q u e s s u r l e s p r o t e c t i o n s

o l o n l d n l m n d 9 d 9 n ( d o n

l n o n o 9 l n d F

o o n ( D m z l d o d 9 n (

n l o d n l l l o F

F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I P U


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2 . 4 L e s l t r e s

2 . 4 . 1 R a p p e l s , P r o p r i t s

R a p p e l :

n ( l n o m m n d d n ' n l d

l 9 n n d d n l o n d d F v ( P F R

n m o n l o n o n n m n F

F i g . P F R ! R a p p e l s u r l e s l t r e s

P r o p r i t s :

d D l ( l l n l n n d d 0 n l

l l o n d d F

n ( ( n m n D l 9 n n d d d

o m m n l E F 9 l n l D l o n m o

o l ( l d o n n n d d l l o n F

2 . 4 . 2 F i l t r e s d j v u s

v o m m n d 4 4 o n o n n o m m n ( l l l n 9 d 9 m n F

i l l l o n n n d d l 0 o n d d F v (

P F S n l l o n o n o n n m n F

F i g . P F S ! F o n c t i o n n e m e n t d e l a c o m m a n d e " "

R e m a r q u e 2 . 5 :

L a c o m m a n d e " m o " n ' e s t p a s u n l t r e . E l l e l i t l e s i n f o r m a t i o n s s u r

s o n e n t r e s t a n d a r d o u b i e n d a n s l e s c h i e r s p a s s s e n a r g u m e n t , e t

r e d i r i g e s u r l ' c r a n . E l l e f a i t a p p e l a u x i n f o r m a t i o n s q u e l e s y s t m e

P V F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I


43/282

P F R F v ( l

c o n n a i t s u r l e t e r m i n a l p o u r c o n n a t r e s a t a i l l e , s o n m o d e d ' m u l a -

t i o n , e t c . . .

2 . 4 . 3 F i l t r e s o r t

S y n t a x e :

o E n E C n m o E m b E n m o E m

F F F

v ( l 4 o 4 m d l l n d @ d 9 o d l E

m l ` g b A n o l 9 n n d d l o n n n m l

d F

s l o l d d ( n n d m ( n d 9 '

d n z o n l F v X

! o n m m n n ( n l 9 o o n 4 E n 4 D

! o l o n l 9 o d e g s s n d d @ m o d d A D

! o l o n l 9 o d d ( n d n n d o n n l 9 o o n 4 E 4 F

v m o n d l m d n l o n o d o n l

l ( l 9 o o n E ` b F

v o m m n d o l o n n n d d D ' l 0 l

l o n d d F

g o m m l l d ( l D l o m m n d 4 o 4 d ( n

m n F 9 l o n l l n d o m m n d D 4 o 4 d o n

n n d d l o n n F s l l m n o l d n m

l n l n l m o l 4 C 4 d n m o d m F

R e m a r q u e 2 . 6 :

" o " n u m r o t e l e s c h a m p s p a r t i r d e z r o .

l o m m n d m l l o ' d m l D o d

l o m l D l n o n n o n n n d

o l o n n n F x o z X l n d l o m m n d

l l n o n n n F o l d n n m n D o n l z l m n l d

n 4 o @ I A 4 F

E x e m p l e 2 . 7 :

7 o E n X C P G G

7 l E | o

2 . 4 . 4 F i l t r e g r e p

S y n t a x e :

E n o n F F F

v ( l 4 4 l 9 o n o n n n d d

l 9 0 o n d d F g o n o l o d o n

F B a u d r y D s n o d o n U n i x ! R F H F I P W


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l U n i x @ F V A F h o n n l D o n ( n n d

F

v o o n l l o n d l o m m n d 4 4 o n X

! l 9 o o n 4 E 4 n d 4 4 9 l n n o m d m j E

l G m n l D

! l 9 o o n 4 E 4 n d 4 4 9 l 0 l l n n o n n n

l 9 o n n m n D

! l 9 o o n 4 E n 4 m d o 0 l n m o d l n o n F

g o m m l l d ( l D l o m m n d 4 4 d ( n

m n F 9 l o n l l n d o m m n d D 4 4 d o n

n n d d l o n n F

E x e m p l e 2 . 8 :

7 G G

7 l E l |

2 . 4 . 5 F i l t r e w c

S y n t a x e :

E l { F F F }

v ( l 4 4 l o n n n d d D o m l n o m d l n @ n E

m n ` g b A D l n o m d m o @ n m n

s p a c e o t a b A D l n o m d 0 l l o

n d

Introduction à Unix et à la programmation Shell

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