Introduction
description
Transcript of Introduction
University of South AsiaMd. Shihab UddinID No: 11031004
Subject code: Eng435Presentation topic: Introduction
of Computer
Introduction Computer is machines that
perform tasks or calculations according to a set of instructions, or programs. The first fully electronic computers, introduced in the 1940s were huge machines that required teams of people to operate. Compared to those early machines, today's computers are amazing. Not only are they thousands of times faster, they can fit on our desk, in our lap, or even in our pocket.
Character of Computer Speedy: Computer can work
very high speed. Accuracy : Computer work
very accuracy. Ability of Preservation: Restless: Automatic: Ability of different work:
Use of ComputerUse of Computer
Typing and we can print it .Typing and we can print it . We can do difficult calculation We can do difficult calculation
very easily by Computer.very easily by Computer. We can draw picture and design We can draw picture and design
easily by Computer and we can easily by Computer and we can use there many colure.use there many colure.
Watching TV and Cinema.Watching TV and Cinema. Using internet we can get Using internet we can get
different type of data.different type of data.
Computer can do different type of work:
We can send email and Mutual giving and receiving data.
Now computer are using Office and Bank.
We can play funny game by computer.
We can study by use it. Listening music. Saving name, address, telephone
number etc.
Use of ComputerComputer can different type of work:
Usage and nature basis Usage and nature basis computers types and computers types and
classificationclassification According to work and According to work and
nature computer are nature computer are three types. Like as:three types. Like as:
1. Analog Computer.1. Analog Computer. 2. Digital Computer.2. Digital Computer. 3. Hybrid Computer.3. Hybrid Computer.
Analog Computer. In general, analog
computer are extraordinarily fast, since they can solve most complex equations at the rate at which a signal traverses the circuit, which is generally an appreciable fraction of the speed of light
Digital Computer Digital
Computer can be built to take the solution of equations to almost unlimited precision, but quite slowly compared to analog computers.
Hybrid ComputerHybrid ComputerHybrid computersHybrid computers are are computers that exhibit computers that exhibit features of features of analog computers and anddigital computers. The . The digital component digital component normally serves as the normally serves as the controller and provides controller and provides logical operations, while , while the analog component the analog component normally serves as a normally serves as a solver of solver of differential equations..
Again, size and basis of power computer are four types
They are:- 1. Super Computer. 2. Main Frame
Computer. 3. Mini Computer. 4. Micro Computer or
Personal Computer.
Super ComputerThe most powerful
computers madeHandle large and
complex calculationsProcess trillions of
operations per secondFound in research
organizations CRAY-1,CYBER-205
Main Frame Computer-Used in large
organizations-Handle thousands
of users-Users access
through a terminal
Mini ComputerMini Computer• The term evolved in the 1960s to
describe the "small" third generation computers that became possible with the use of integrated circuit and core memory technologies. Ex: UNIVAC 1100/01, IBM4341
• History• 1960s: Origin; 1970s: Market
entrenchment• Mid-1980s, 1990s: The minis
give way to the micros• The minicomputer's industrial
impact and heritage
Micro Computer or Personal Computer
A microcomputer is a computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit. They are physically small compared to mainframe and minicomputers. Many microcomputers (when equipped with a keyboard and screen for input and output) are also personal computers (in the generic sense).. ...
Beyond description of Micro Computer
Micro Computer is high usage computer. One person use one computer for this its called personal computer or PC. Every sector people receive it very speedy. Its price is very less compare by other computer. Business, entertainment overall every sector it is used. IBM PC, APPLE, Macintosh etc are example of Micro computer.
Classification of Micro Computer According to use of
Micro Computer it is divided three part:
1. Desk Top Computer. 2. Lap Top Computer. 3. Note Book Computer.
Desk Top Computer Which Computer
we can use put on the Desk or Table That’s computer called Desk Top Computer.
Lap Top Computer Which Computer
we can use put on the Lap that’s computer called Lap Top Computer.
Note Book Computer That’s computer size
like as Small Note Book Which we can use put on the palm and we can put it in our pocket.
Classification different part of Computer
1. Input Device 2. Central Processing Unit 3.Memory. 4. Output Device
Input Device
Within input device there have-
1. Key board 2. Mouse 3. Scanner 4. Webcam
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Key board The most commonly
used input device is the keyboard on which data is entered by manually keying in or typing certain keys. A keyboard typically has 101 or 105 keys.
Mouse Is a pointing device which is
used to control the movement of a mouse pointer on the screen to make selections from the screen. A mouse has one to five buttons.
There are two types of mouse- 1. Optical mouse 2. Mechanical Mouse
Scanner In published word it is
very important. By it camera’s photos, line, write etc we can see Exact picture with computer and we can also edit them.
Output Device Output devices are-
1. Monitor
2. Printer
3. Speaker
Monitor Monitor are two
types. They are: 1. CRT(Cathode
Ray Tube) Monitor 2. Liquid Crystal
Display (LCD) Monitors
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) MonitorMost common type
of monitorA CRT monitor is a
desktop monitor that contains a cathode-ray tube
Electrons fired from the back
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Monitors
Commonly found on laptops
Desktop versions existSolve the problems of
CRTFluorescent lights
provide illuminationProduce sharp, flicker-
free imagesHave a small footprint
Printer Printer are three
types. They are- 1. Dot matrix
printers 2. INK jet printers 3. Laser printers
Dot matrix printers
Dot matrix printers work like a typewriter transferring ink from a ribbon to paper with a series or 'matrix' of tiny pins.
INK jet printers Ink jet printers
work like dot matrix printers but fires a stream of ink from a cartridge directly onto the paper.
Laser printers
Laser printers use the same technology as a photocopier using heat to transfer toner into paper.
Central Processing Unit
Inside parts of CPU They are- 1. Mother board 2. Various types of card 3. Hard Disk 4. Floppy Disk 5. C.D. Drive 6. Connector 7. Power Supplier
Name of parts which connected with Motherboard
1. Processor 2. Math Co-Processor 3. RAM 4. ROM 5. Rechargeable
Battery 6. Expansive Slot 7. Key-Board
Connector
Memory of Computer
1. Main MEMORY
2. Auxiliary memory
Main MEMORY
Main memory are two types. They are: 1. RAM (Random Access
Memory) 2. ROM( Read Only Memory)
Random Access Memory(RAM) Random Access
Memory or RAM is the memory that the computer uses to temporarily store the information as it is being processed. The more information being processed the more RAM the computer needs.
Read Only Memory (ROM )1. Permanent memory
of computer is called Rom.
2. Permanent storage of programs
3. Holds the computer boot directions
Auxiliary Memory Computer’s Processing
data which memory contains permanently that’s memory called Auxiliary Memory. Auxiliary Memory are:
1. Floppy Disk, 2. Hard Disk, 3. Compact Disk, 4. Pen Drive etc.
Floppy Disk The floppy diskette is a
removable storage device that is used by the Floppy Diskette Drive (also known as the A: drive or FDD). This storage device is capable of holding 1,440,000 bytes (1.44MB) of data. The Floppy Diskette is inserted and removed from a slotted opening on the front of the computer case.
Hard Disk This is the internal
magnetic storage device housed inside the computer case. These come in a variety of sizes, measured in how many bits of information they can contain. A bit of information equals either zero (0) or one (1).
Compact Disk (CD) Computer’s data for
preserve without “Hard Disk and Floppy Disk” also use Compact Disk (CD). Its capacity very large than Floppy Disk.
Pen Drive A USB flash drive
consists of a flash memory data storage device integrated with a USB (Universal Serial Bus) 1.1 or 2.0 interface. Recently Pen drive is most used for data preserve.
Network and communication
A network is nothing more than two or more computers connected together
so that they can exchange information.
Types of Network Local Area
Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area
Network (MAN) Wide Area
Network (WAN)
Local Area Network (LAN) When computers
located within a small geographical area such as office or a University Campus are connected together we call it a Local Area Network.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
The geographical range of MAN is bigger than LAN. It covers a small city.
Wide Area Network (WAN) Wide area network span
broad geographical distances, ranging from several miles to across entire continents. Wan may consist of a combination of switched and dedicated Lines, microwaves, and satellite communication.
Network Topology gf
Bus topology Also called linear bus One wire connects all
nodes Terminator ends the
wires Advantages
Easy to setup Small amount of wire
Disadvantages Slow Easy to crash
Star topology All nodes connect to a hub
Packets sent to hub Hub sends packet to
destination Advantages
Easy to setup One cable can not crash
network Disadvantages
One hub crashing downs entire network
Uses lots of cable Most common topology
Ring Topology
In a ring topology all computers are connected by a closed loop in a manner that passes data in one direction from one computer to another. The main disadvantage of a ring is larger communication delays if the number of nodes increases.
Mesh topology All computers
connected together Internet is a mesh
network Advantage
Data will always be delivered
DisadvantagesLots of cableHard to setup
Thanks