Introduction
description
Transcript of Introduction
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IntroductionAudience:
10th grade Biology StudentsBIOLOGY A – UNIT Cell Biology
Objectives:Students will understand the organelles and their specific functions that are inside of eukaryotic cells.
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Here we go……………………• You are going to be exploring inside
the cell.• You are going to learn WHAT is in there
and what each organelle DOES!!!
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Cell Characteristics• The basic processes necessary for living things
to survive are the same for a single cell as they are for a more complex organism.
• A single-celled organism has to conduct all life processes by itself.
• A multi-cellular organism has groups of cells that specialize to perform specific functions.
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Cell CharacteristicsCell Organization• In multicellular eukaryotes, cells
organize into tissues, organs, organ systems, and finally organisms.
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Cell Characteristics• All cells contain:• Genetic material
– single circular molecule of DNA in prokaryotes
– double helix located in nucleus in eukaryotes
• Cytoplasm jelly-like substance that fills the cells interior
• Plasma membrane encloses the cell– – phospholipid bilayer
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Cell Size• Most cells are relatively
small because as size increases, volume increases much more rapidly.– longer diffusion time
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Visualizing Cells
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Let’s check out the size of cells Check out Cell Sizes
• Click on the above site and check out the different sizes of cells.
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Lets Take a Quick Second to Review
True or False
The basic processes necessary for living things to survive are different for a single cell than a more complex organism.
TRUE FALSE
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CORRECT!!!!
Congrats! You got it right!!!
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Sorry!!Wrong Answer – Try Again!
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Another true and false ?• A single-celled organism has to
conduct all life processes by itself.
TRUE FALSE
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CORRECT!!!!
Congrats! You got it right!!!
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SORRYHmmm….try again!
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Review cont.Fill in the blankA multi-cellular organisms has groups of _________
that specialize to perform specific functions.A.CellsB.AtomsC.Molecules
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Correct!Cells is the right
answer!
Great Job!!!
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Sorry!Try again…think
about what we are learning about today!
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Nucleus• Stores genetic material• Contains DNA• site where RNA is made• Nucleolus: Chromatin and• ribosomal subunits• Nuclear envelope:
– Double membrane with pores• Largest organelle• BRAIN of the cell – controls
protein synthesis
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Nucleus
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Nucleus
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Nucleus
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Nucleus Cont.• Go to the site below and check out a
virtual cell http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fIyLrpRDrB8
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Let’s Review the NucleusNucleus stores ______________• A. genetic material• B. DNA• C. RNA• D. All of the above
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Correct!• Sweet!
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Sorry!!Wrong Answer – Try Again!
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Ribosomes• Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
composed of two subunits that join and attach to messenger RNA.– site of protein synthesis– assembled in nucleolus
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Ribosomes
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Ribosomes• Click hereFor a more in depth reading on
Ribosomes, also check out the You Tube video “Bacterial ribosome translating RNA into Protein”
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Endoplasmic reticulum– transports materials through the cell
• Rough ER - studded with ribosomes–Attached to nuclear membrane– site of protein synthesis and processing
• Smooth ER - lacks ribosomes– site of synthesis of phospholipids and the
packaging of proteins into vesicles
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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More on ER……• http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/er.ht
m
• Let’s check on cells alive again..this time we are going to look at endoplasmic reticulum.
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ReviewWhich organelle is the site for
protein synthesis?a. Nucleusb. Golgi Apparatusc. Ribosome
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CORRECT• Awesome Job!
You are exactly right. Ribosomes are the site for protein synthesis!
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SORRY!Try again!
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ReviewWhich endoplasmic reticulum is
studded with ribosomes?
ROUGH or SMOOTH
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CORRECTYou are EXACTLY
right!! Smooth LACKS ribosomes and the Rough is studded with ribosomes making it appear rough.
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SORRY! Try again!
Remember what each one looks like.
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Golgi apparatus– collection of Golgi
bodies• Stacked flattened
sacks• Site where cell
products are packaged for export• Proteins are
modified by being combined with fats or carbohydrates
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Golgi apparatus– Vesicles then pinch
off from the Golgi body to be secreted (outside the cell)
– Involved in the production of lysosomes
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Golgi apparatus
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Golgi apparatus
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ReviewThe Golgi Apparatus is involved in
the production of?a.Ribosomesb.Lysosomesc.Endoplasmic Reticulum
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CORRECTYou are exactly right!
The Golgi Apparatus produces lysosomes and is the site where products are packaged for export out of the cell.
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Sorry!Try again. Wrong answer.
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Lysosomes• vesicles produced by the
Golgi apparatus.
• Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and are involved in intracellular digestion of food particles, disease causing bacteria and worn out cell parts
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Golgi Apparatus and Lysosomes
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Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell" - cellular metabolism Structure- outer and inner membranes, cristae Found in both plant and animal cells Very active cells have more mitochondria
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Cell Membrane• controls what enters
and leaves the cell • Found in ALL cells• Phospholipid bilayer
with transport proteins, and cholesterol (for flexibility)
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Which organelle is this?• Lysosomes• Golgi Apparatus• Nucleus• Cell Membrane
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Correct• You are exactly
right! The Golgi Apparatus produces lysosomes and is the site where products are packaged for export out of the cell.
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Try again• Hint….a packaging apparatus!
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CELLS ALIVE• To give you some time to absorb
what you have learned about the organelles, explore CellsAlive.com and take the quiz on cells.
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Almost done….• Check out
http://www.ibiblio.org/virtualcell/index.htm
• It is a virtual cell….check out all of the organelles…
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Great Job Today!!!!• Now you know all of the organelles
that make up a cell and what they do.