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Transcript of Introduction
Gender Mainstreaming in Institutions of Higher Learning: Negotiating for Gender Justice a
case of Makerere UniversityBy
Grace Bantebya KyomuhendoWomen and Gender Studies
Uganda
Introduction
Background and why gender justice
Current gender mainstreaming status
Issues and challenges Conclusion and
recommendations
Background Situation of women institutions of
higher learning in Africa/Uganda is inseparable from women’s position in society
calls for a holistic approach demands that we examine the systems,
structures, norms and values of society that governs and defines the universities
Background (2)
It is in line within the above context that the term” gender justice “becomes relevant and significant in analyzing the situation of women and men in institutions of higher learning.
Background (3) Concept of justice has traditionally been
used and is derived from law as one of its attributes
Justice in that sense refers to standards of rights set or defined by law and enforced by specific institutions
In legal theory, law is defined by its attributes. 1) power relations 2) a standard of justice 3) social process
Background (4) In this paper gender justice relates to
whether or not individuals or groups realize de facto justice from the institutional framework and systems.
Encompass issues of access, management /leadership, rights and entitlements .
We argue that gender justice is an integral part of gender mainstreaming.
Gender Mainstreaming at MAK
1998. A strategic gender awareness workshop for top management
In 1999 the University Senate instituted the Senate Standing Committee
The Gender Mainstreaming Division (GMD) was approved by Senate in 2000 and by The University Council in 2001,
Gender Mainstreaming at MAK
GMD -- two operational sub-units. Access, Teaching and Learning and
supports efforts to engender the learning and teaching environment.
Welfare deals with student and staff welfare and other initiatives to create a gender-friendly inclusive organizational culture.
Enrolment women and men at Makerere university
Year of admission
Total number of males admitted
Total number of females admitted
Total admitted % of females
1990/91 1473 628 2101 30
1991/92 1422 599 2101 30
1992/93 1376 733 2109 35
1993/94 1443 787 2230 35
1994/95 1897 1053 2950 36
1995/96 3309 1723 5032 34
1996/97 3487 1952 5439 35
1997/98 3696 2115 5811 36
Enrolment women and men at Makerere university (2)
1998/99 5157 3214 8371 38
1999/00 6249 3987 10236 39
2000/01 7076 4721 11797 40
2001/02 8496 5322 13813 39
2002/03 6989 4649 12678 44
2003/04 8214 6941 15155 45
Undergraduate Student Population The rise in numbers is mainly
attributed to Private sponsorship scheme 1.5 affirmative action point’s
scheme(1990) which have provided new avenues for women
FSI sponsors female students by Carnegie
Representation of undergraduate students at faculty level
Men Women Total
Humanities 12,323 10,578 22,901
Sciences 3,777 1,398 5,175
Total 16,100
11,976 28,076
Graduate Figures for the Academic Year 2002/3 Award Men Wom
en% of women
Diplomas 140 69 33%
Masters 565 351 38%
PhD 26 8 23%
TOTAL 731 428 36%
Gendering the Curriculum
Faculty/Programme Course on Gender
Faculty of Agric.
BSc. Agricultural Land Use & Management
Gender in Agricultural Land Use & Management
B. Agribusiness Management Gender and Agribusiness
B. Agricultural Extension Youth and Gender Issues in Agricultural Extension
Faculty of Arts
English Language Studies Language and Gender
Linguistics Language and Gender Issues
Religious Studies Religion, Gender and Development
Gendering the Curriculum
PGD Environmental Journalism and Communication
Gender and Environment
MA (Literature) Gender Issues in Literature and the Media
MA (Human Rights) Gender and Human Rights
Faculty of Forestry
B. Community Forestry Youth & Gender Programme Development
Faculty of Law
LLB Gender and the Law
LLM Gender and the Law I and II
Postgraduate Diploma Gender Violence
Gendering the Curriculum
BSc. Nursing Women Studies
Faculty of Science
Bachelor of Sports Science
Youth, Gender Issues and Sports
Faculty of Social Sciences
BA (SS) Gender and Development
B(SWSA) Gender and Development
MA (International Relations & Diplomatic Studies)
Gender and International Relations
Gendering Governance and Administration at Makerere University
Policy Making
Top Management
Senior Administration
Support Staff
Technicians
Clerical assistants
Distribution of Academic Staff by Sex
Position Positions filled
Estab Male Female
Professors 151 43 2
Associate Professors
188 68 6
Senior Lecturers 359 153 35
Lecturers 608 345 115
Assistant Lecturers 380 111 46
Teaching Assistants 197 87 36
Total 1883 807 240
Gender distribution of academic staff within Faculty Leadership
0 20 40 60 80 100
Heads ofDepartment
Deans
Dep. Deans
Women
Men
Non-Teaching Staff distribution by gender and salary scales
EstablishmentCategory
Established Posts
M F
Senior Administrative Staff (M1 – M7)
209 104 76
Support Staff (M 8 – M13) 354 58 42
Technicians (M6 – M13) 139 73 2
Clerical assistants (M14 – M15) 282 329
Gender distribution by Management Position
Position Estab Men Women
Vice Chancellor 1 1 0
Deputy Vice Chancellor 2 1 1
University Secretary 1 1 0
Academic Registrar 1 1 0
University Bursar 1 1 0
Dean Students 1 1 0
University Librarian 1 0 1
Director of Planning 1 1 0
TOTAL 9 7 2
Gender distribution of Members of The University Council, Senate and Committees
M F Total
THE SENATE 44 7 51
Admissions Board 35 4 39
Examinations Committee 9 1 10
Academic Programmes and Library Committees 10 2 12
Quality Assurance Committee 15 2 17
Staff Development Committee 10 5 15
Board of Graduate Studies 11 1 12
Research and Publications Board 12 2 14
Gender Mainstreaming Committee 6 13 19
Gender distribution of Members of The University Council, Senate and Committees
Committees Members Executive
M F Total M F Total
UNIVERSITY COUNCIL 18 6 24 1 1 2
University Appointments Board 6 4 10 2 1 3
Planning and Development 7 2 9 3 0 3
Finance Committee 12 1 13 4 0 4
Estates and Works 12 2 14 1 3 4
Establishment and Administration 8 4 12 3 1 4
Tender Board 12 3 15 3 1 4
Gender mainstreaming contd.
Despite the above progress , there remains key issues to be addressed
Staff especially academic Administration and management Policy and structural
transformation
Negotiating for gender justice Gender issues have to be
renegotiated all time and under different contexts because
No gender policy that binds the university and make it accountable
Gender as a priority in the university strategic plan has not been effectively operationalised
Negotiating for gender justice
Policies governing human resources, research, finance and resource allocation, information, communication and technology are not gender sensitive
...... Hence every gender issues has to be negotiated …..
Challenges to Mainstreaming Gender in University Teaching, Learning and Access
Limited gender awareness: Inadequate gender capacities to
mainstream Disinterest in gender Resistance to gender (transformation) limited appreciation of gender by some
policy makers,
Conclusion
Progress has been registered Student enrolment few admin. Position BUT The policy and structural set up
remains intact… hence gender concerns not integral of the system and structures.
Recommendations Engendering the policy regime of
Makerere University should be a priority capacity building for gender skills maintain a continuous gender
sensitisation conduct an in-depth gender analysis of
course content in all faculties institute special programme to support
career development for women in the university
Thank You
THE STRUGGLE CONTINUES