Introduction
-
Upload
creighton-johan -
Category
Documents
-
view
29 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Introduction
![Page 1: Introduction](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/568130ea550346895d97073c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
European language policies and the development of
Frisian (1980-2010) Dr. Alex Riemersma
4 March, 2010Mercator European Research Centre onMultilingualism and Language Learning
www.mercator-research.eu
![Page 2: Introduction](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/568130ea550346895d97073c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction
• Frisian in the Netherlands
• European Language Policies and effects on Frisian language planning
• Challenges for Europe
![Page 3: Introduction](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/568130ea550346895d97073c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Introduction](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/568130ea550346895d97073c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Frisian in Fryslân (Netherlands)
• Autochthonous minority language
• Western Germanic language
• Spoken in one province (out of 12) in the Netherlands: Fryslân / Friesland
• Fryslân has 640,000 inhabitants
• 55% has Frisian as mother tongue
• School subject and medium of instruction
![Page 5: Introduction](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/568130ea550346895d97073c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Frisian Language Command
94
7465
17
0
25
50
75
100
understand speak read write
![Page 6: Introduction](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/568130ea550346895d97073c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Frisian in practise
• Language of social cohesion:- sports- health care- associations- culural affairs
• Frisian language and culture belong to all of us
![Page 7: Introduction](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/568130ea550346895d97073c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Status of Frisian
• Unique minority language in homogeneous linguistic area
• Recognised in the European Charter – part III + 48 undertakings
• Recognised second official language of the Netherlands
• Ambition: development of cultural language on equal footing with Dutch
![Page 8: Introduction](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/568130ea550346895d97073c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
EU Parliament Resolutions
• 1981 Arfé > EBLUL 1982 – 2006; province of Fryslân active partner always
• 1983 Vandenmeulenbroecke (EFA-member) > earmarked budget € 1,2 million
• 1987 Kuijpers > Mercator project (1987-2006) 3 partners; >
• Mercator Network (2009-2011) 5 partners,lead: Mercator Ljouwert / Leeuwarden
![Page 9: Introduction](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/568130ea550346895d97073c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Network of Schools
![Page 10: Introduction](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/568130ea550346895d97073c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Education• 1985 Conference on pre-school provisions >
1989 Frisian medium pre-school> 2010: 100 provisions with certification
• 1995 EU policy on M + 2 > 2 M + 2> trilingual primary school project> 2010: 30 schools with certification
• Ambition: Trilingual stream at secondary education and teacher training
![Page 11: Introduction](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/568130ea550346895d97073c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
•
![Page 12: Introduction](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/568130ea550346895d97073c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Culture
• 2001 European Year of Languages> Frisian poem “Bitterswiet” translated into 82 languages; permanent attention at the radio broadcasting of Omrop Fryslân
• 1990 Frisian Song Contest “Liet” > Liet International for European regional and minority languages as from 2002:Ljouwert – Östersund – Luleå – Inverness
![Page 13: Introduction](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/568130ea550346895d97073c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Council of Europe
• European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (1998) &
• Framework Convention on the Protection of National Minorities (1998)
• European Charter stimulated:- new spirit and the holistic approach of Frisian language policy; - active and continuous dialogue between national government and regional authorities; - debate on minimum standards.
![Page 14: Introduction](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/568130ea550346895d97073c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
EU language policyChallenges for 2014-2017
• EU > treaty party of the European Charteron Regional and Minority Languages
• Development of Common European Standards for RMLs treatment in the EU
• Development of common implementation strategies: From Act to Action
![Page 15: Introduction](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/568130ea550346895d97073c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
EU ProgrammesChallenges for 2014-2017
• Teacher Training & Quality
• Language Command > Testing / PISA& Eurobarometer
• Master’s Programme on Multilingualism & Language Planning
• More flexibility in project planning
![Page 16: Introduction](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/568130ea550346895d97073c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Europe and Fryslân
• Fitting in EU policy towards:- linguistic diversity- mother tongue + 2 more languages
• Frisian as a good example in Europe:- multilingualism of the individual citizen and of the society
• Pupils feel at ease:at home, at school, in society, in Europe
![Page 17: Introduction](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/568130ea550346895d97073c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Eskerrik asko
Mange Takk
Diolch
Tankewol
Trugarez
Grazia
Graciis
Dankscheen Mercé plan
Kiitos
Dz'akuju so
Köszönöm
Hvala
À ringraziavvi
Spassi Ba
www.mercator-research.euwww.mercator-research.eu