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Transcript of Introduction
Page 1 of 14Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel
ESST 2002Maastricht, NL
The History of Nylon
Presentation on the development of man made
fibres especially nylon 6-6
Presentation by Güneş TAVMEN & Stefan SCHINZEL
Introduction
Page 2 of 14Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel
ESST 2002Maastricht, NL
Table of Contents
Contents:
1. Introduction
2. Reflections of the Nylon 6-6 History
3. Outcome
4. Conclusion
5. Questions & Discussion
Page 3 of 14Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel
ESST 2002Maastricht, NL
1 Research Questions
Research questions:
Do documents on history shape the perceptions of certain
subjects?
Can history be seen from an objective perspective ?
Is there a general objective perspective at all ?
Page 4 of 14Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel
ESST 2002Maastricht, NL
1.1 Why Nylon 6-6 ?
Why Nylon 6-6 (Polyamide 6-6) ?
A black box embodied in our lives
Wide influence on society
Change of relation between lab and commercial industry
More recent innovation
very well documented
Page 5 of 14Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel
ESST 2002Maastricht, NL
1.2 Utilization of Nylon 6-6
The utilization of Nylon 6-6:
Textile industry (“wash and wear”)
Musical instruments
Toothbrush
Carpets
Outdoor clothing (inc. tents, backpacks etc)
Tires, etc…
Page 6 of 14Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel
ESST 2002Maastricht, NL
1.3 Properties of Nylon 6-6
Chemical & mechanical properties of Nylon 6-6:
High tensile strength (stretchable without deformation)
Excellent chemical resistance
High mechanical strength and heat resistance
Easy to process
Can be dyed easily
Page 7 of 14Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel
ESST 2002Maastricht, NL
2 Methodology
Methodology:
Brief introduction to the three different views on history:
The inventor (W. Carothers)
The company where he conducted the research in his
lab (Du Pont)
The global perspective
Page 8 of 14Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel
ESST 2002Maastricht, NL
2.1 History 1
Wallace H. Carothers (1896-1938)
Genius chemist, several degrees
Conducted research at industrial company (Du Pont)
Conducted research to find a molecule as large as possible
In the beginning he was free to chose his topic, later on he was oriented by Du Pont
His colleague realized that nylon could be drawn into fibre (1934)
Suffered from depression and committed suicide
Science and Corporate Strategy – Du Pont R&D (1992)Polymers – The Origins & Growth of a Science (1995)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology http://www.mit.edu (2002)
Page 9 of 14Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel
ESST 2002Maastricht, NL
2.2 History 2
Du Pont (established 1802) Wanted to have a research lab as their “commitment to
scientific discovery as the key to future success”
Lured away Carothers from Harvard university
Carothers was free to “do pure basic research”
Du Pont wanted to develop a synthetic fibre that could replace silk
Nylon invented by Carothers in 1935
In 1938, public announcement of nylon as “the first man-made organic textile fabric prepared entirely from new materials from the mineral kingdom”
Du Pont Corporate Information http://www.dupont.com (2002)Du Pont History Archive http://www.heritage.dupont.com (2002)
Page 10 of 14Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel
ESST 2002Maastricht, NL
2.3 History 3
The Global View Despite the Great Depression, Carothers’ Lab´s funding
was never reduced
By 1931 silk was getting expensive and harder to find due to political and trade troubles with Japan
Du Pont was urged by the US government to make Nylon a reality as quick as possible
Nylon was a potential as a vital war material
During war Nylon replaced Asian silk and supplanted cotton
Inventing Polymer Science (1998)Science and Corporate Strategy – Du Pont R&D (1992)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology http://www.mit.edu (2002)Information pool on the development of Chemistry http://www.chemheritage.org (2002)
Page 11 of 14Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel
ESST 2002Maastricht, NL
3.1 Outcome - Diagram I
Du Pont
The Lab
Government
Politics
Economic Issues
War
Great Depression
Page 12 of 14Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel
ESST 2002Maastricht, NL
3.2 Outcome - Diagram II
Du Pont
The Lab
Obligations
Funding
ProductionTechnology
Ready madescience
Carothers
Chemists
Technicians
Instruments
Page 13 of 14Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel
ESST 2002Maastricht, NL
4 Conclusion
Conclusion:
Documents on history do shape the perceptions on subject:
Depending on the material used, it will lead (more or less) to a certain perception
Focused on a certain belief, proof in documents on history can always be found
By the usage of as various sources as possible, a perspective close to objectivity can be achieved …
BUT an ultimate objectivity can never be achieved as it will always depend on people’s (author’s, researcher’s,…) interpretations
Page 14 of 14Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel
ESST 2002Maastricht, NL
4.1 Additional Remarks
Additional Remarks: Esp. for Du Pont their advertisement had great impact
Big impact of nylon on society (e.g..women started to shave their legs)
Interesting further development of Nylon & Du Pont
Page 15 of 14Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel
ESST 2002Maastricht, NL
5 Questions & Discussion
Thank you for your attention!
- Any Questions?
- Time for Discussion!!!