Introduction

37
Inorganic Chemistry

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Transcript of Introduction

Page 1: Introduction

Inorganic Chemistr

y

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What is Inorganic chemistry

• Inorganic chemistry is the study of the synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds.

• This field covers all chemical compounds except the organic compounds (carbon based compounds, usually containing C-H bonds), which are the subjects of organic chemistry.

• The distinction between the two disciplines is far from absolute, and there is much overlap, most importantly in the sub-discipline of organometallic chemistry.

• It has applications in every aspect of the chemical industry–including catalysis, materials science, pigments, surfactants, coatings, medicine, fuel, and agriculture.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compound
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_compound
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_compound
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_chemistry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organometallic_chemistry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organometallic_chemistry
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What is Organic Chemistry?

Most organic texts are arranged like this:

Structure and bonding

Acids and bases

Alkanes- reactions of, stereochemistry

Alkenes - “

Alkynes - “

Alkyl halides - “

Benzene- “

Alcohols -”

Ethers,, epoxides “

Carbonyls - “

Aldehydes and ketones - “

Carboxylic acids and nitriles -”

Amines - “

Carbohydrates - “

Amino acids. Proteins - “

Lipids

Heterocycles and nucleic acids

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AtomsAtomicstructure

MoleculesMolecular shapeMolecular bonding

Symmetry

What is Inorganic Chemistry?Many inorganic texts are arranged like this:

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Ionic compounds

Covalent compounds

AtomsAtomicstructure

MoleculesMolecular shapeMolecular bonding

Symmetry

That seems pretty straightforward.Then what?

OK, so we do one then the other...

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Ionic compounds

AtomsAtomicstructure

MoleculesMolecular shapeMolecular bonding

Symmetry

Covalent compounds

Ideal lattices, Silicates,Defects / Properties, Semi-conductors,Covalent “ionic” compounds,Metals,Band structure/theory

Topics can’t be “boxed”

Key concepts

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AtomsAtomicstructure

MoleculesMolecular shapeMolecular bonding

Symmetry

Covalent compounds

Inorganic can’t be boxed?

Rare earths,Acid / base concepts, Transition metal compoundsLiquids / solutions,Solids,Clusters,Organometallics,Carboranes,Chalcogenides,C- chemistry (organic)

Ionic compounds

Key concepts

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Biological catalysis

Organic catalysis

ceramics

spectroscopyMaterial science

photoconductors

crystallography

Covalent compounds

Rare earths,Acid / base concepts, Transition metal compoundsLiquids / solutions,Solids,Clusters,Organometallics,Carboranes,Chalcogenides,C- chemistry (organic)

Ideal lattices, Silicates,Defects / Properties, Semi-conductors,Covalent “ionic” compounds,Metals,Band structure/theory

Ionic compounds

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Contrasts with organic Chemistry

Inorganic Compounds Organic Compounds

Bond Order single, double, triple single, double, triple

quadruple

Bonding Type, H, CH3 M-H-M, M-CH3-M C-H

Coordination Number max 9, most common 6 max 4

Geometry (CN = 4) tetrahedral, square planar tetrahedral

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Descriptive inorganic chemistry

• Descriptive inorganic chemistry focuses on the classification of compounds based on their properties.

• Partly the classification focuses on the position in the periodic table of the heaviest element (the element with the highest atomic weight) in the compound, partly by grouping compounds by their structural similarities.

• When studying inorganic compounds, one often encounters parts of the different classes of inorganic chemistry (an organometallic compound is characterized by its coordination chemistry, and may show interesting solid state properties).

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• Coordination compounds• Main group compounds• Transition metal compounds• Organometallic compounds• Cluster compounds• Bioinorganic compounds• Solid state compounds

Descriptive inorganic chemistry

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_chemistry
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Coordination compounds

[Mn2(CO)10], [Co2(CO)8]

[Ru(PPh3)4Cl2]

K2[Pt(CN)4]

[Cr(NH3)3(H2O)(OH)Cl][NO3]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_chemistry
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14

LM

L L

L

L

L

n+

Metal

Ligand

n X

Counter anion

Coordination compounds (metal complexes)

L

ML L

L

ML

L L

L

ML

L L

L

L

L ML

L

L

L

ML

L L

L

L

L

Tetrahedral

Square planar

Square pyramidal

Trigonal bipyramidal

Octahedral

Common geometry

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Main group compounds

• Examples: amonia, NaO, KCl, O2, etc

• Typical main group compounds are SiO2, SnCl4, and N2O. Many main group compounds can also be classed as “organometallic”, as they contain organic groups, e.g., B(CH3)3). Main group compounds also occur in nature, e.g., phosphate in DNA, and therefore may be classed as bioinorganic.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_chemistry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_group
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_group
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA
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Compounds of Transition metal complexes solution.

[Fe(H2O)6]3+

[Co(H2O)6]2+

[Ni(H2O)6]2+

[Cu(H2O)6]2+

[Zn(H2O)6]2+

800

430

650 580

560

490

400

Transition metal compounds

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_chemistry
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Organometallic compounds

• Grignard Reagent

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_chemistry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_chemistry
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Cluster compounds

Decaborane, also called decaborane(14), is the borane with the chemical formula B10H14

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_chemistry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borane
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen
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Iron-sulfur clusters are ensembles of iron and sulfide centres

Cluster compounds

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfide
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_chemistry
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Bioinorganic compounds

Cyanocobalamin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_chemistry
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Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)

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Carbonic anhydrase enzym

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Chlorophylls

Cincin porphine dengan satu ikatan rangkap yang tereduksi disebut chlorin.

Klorofil merupakan contoh dari senyawa yang mengandung cincin chlorin.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Leavessnipedale.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Chlorophyll-a-3D-vdW.png
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Cisplatin and their derivates

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Solid state compounds

YBa2Cu3O7, or YBCO, is a high temperaturesuperconductor able tolevitate above a magnet when colder than itscritical temperature of about 90 K (−183 °C

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_chemistry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium_barium_copper_oxide
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium_barium_copper_oxide
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium_barium_copper_oxide
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium_barium_copper_oxide
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium_barium_copper_oxide
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium_barium_copper_oxide
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconductor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_temperature
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_temperature
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Ionic Solid

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Ionic Solid

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Atomicstructure

Molecular shapeMolecular bonding

Symmetry

carboranes

organometallics

Transition metal compounds

Acid / base concepts

solids

Liquids / solutions

C- chemistry (organic)

clusters

Rare earths

chalcogenides

Biological catalysis

Organic catalysis

Redox Reactions

ceramics

spectroscopy

Material sciencephotoconductors

crystallography

How I see Inorganic Chemistry. . .

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Another example.....

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Theoretical inorganic chemistry

• Qualitative theories• Molecular symmetry group theory

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_chemistry
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Oxidation - Reduction Reaction

• Or Redox reaction = chemical reactions in which electrons are gained, lost (Q: What kind of

bond?) or shared (Q: What kind

of bond?) in a chemical reaction.

• ________ describes the loss of electrons by a molecule, atom or ion.

• _________ describes the gain of electrons by a molecule, atom or ion.

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com

http://www.scienceprofonline.com/virtual-cell-main.html
http://www.scienceprofonline.com/
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