Introduction

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Introdution to Philippine Architecture

Transcript of Introduction

Page 1: Introduction
Page 2: Introduction
Page 3: Introduction
Page 4: Introduction

HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTURE

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Geography• North – Taiwan (78 miles away from

Y’Ami Isle)• East – Pacific Ocean, Philippine

deep, the lowest point in the world (37,782 feet deep)

• West – China Sea• South – Indonesia• Consist of 7,100 islands

(total=299,681 sq.km.)• 1000 of the islands are inhibited • ½ of these islands are larger than 2.5

sq.km.• “Pacific Ring of Fire”

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• The Luzon islands include Luzon

Island itself, Palawan, Mindoro, Marinduque, Masbate and Batanes Islands.

• The Visayas is the group of islands in central Philippines, the largest of which are: Panay, Negros, Cebu, Bohol, Leyte and Samar.

• The Mindanao islands include Mindanao itself, plus the Sulu Archipelago, composed mainly of Basilan, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi. 

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CLIMATE• Dry season –

November to June• Wet season – July

to October

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CLIMATESOUTHWEST Monsoon• Habagat• Summer monsoon• Appears in May• Stronger in August• Disappear in

October• Persists from

November to December

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CLIMATENortheast Monsoon• Amihan• Winter Monsoon• Occurs weakly in

October• Strengthens in

January• Weakens in March• Disappears in April

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SOCIAL,CULTURAL, ECONOMIC, POLITICALNegritos

– First people who settle in the country.– Also known as Aetas– 30,000 years ago Came across land bridges

from the Asian mainland whose culture belonged to the Old Stone Age ( Paleolithic Age)

– Today they are remotely living in the remote highland areas of Luzon. Palawan, Panay, Negros and Mindanao.

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SOCIAL,CULTURAL, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL• Indonesians

– First Immigrants to come by the sea to the Philippines

– Sailed in boat from south Asia.– Drove to the mountains and lived in the lowlands.

• Apayaos, Kalingas, Monobos, Tiruraysm Gaddangs, Tagnabuasm Manyasm Sbanuns, Ibanagam Bagobos, Bukidnon

– More advanced than the negritos• Tools out of stone and steel• Permanent homes• Used fire to cook• Farming and mining• Painted bodies with colorful figures• Wore clothing and body ornaments

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SOCIAL,CULTURAL, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL• Malays

– 2,000 years ago from Javs, Sumatra, Borneo and Malay Peninsula

– Traveled in boats– More advanced

• Pottery• Weaving• Jewelry making• Metal smelting• Irrigation system in rice planting

– Ancestors of the Bontoks, Ilongots, and Kalinga

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Datu/Raja or hari or lakan• Headed the barangay

system– Kinship group – Referred to the boat

used by the Malayan ad Indonesian settlers of the country.

– 30 to 100 families• Leader of the community

SOCIAL,CULTURAL, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL

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Social Classes

1.Maharlikas or Nobles – they were member of the barangay aristocracy , the highest social class. Usually those who owns slaves

2. Timawas or Freemen – were the midle-class memebers in the barangay. They were usually free-born persons and the emancipated slaves.

3. Alipin or Slaves – called alipin belonged to the lowest social class

SOCIAL,CULTURAL, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL

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The Spanish conquest of the Philippines led to the introduction of several changes in the socio-cultural and economic life of the Filipinos.

1. Slavery was abolished

2. Laws of the Indies – royal ordinance proclaimed by King Philip II on July 23,1573, which governed the planning and administration of new settlements in the Americas and in the Philippines

3. The Gregorian calendar

4. Spanish Surnames to those who were converted to the new religion and had their first names change to those of the saints

5. Latin alphabet and Spanish Language were assimilated into the Philippine language. (sibuyas from Sp. Cebollas, asul from azul, bughaw)

6. Arts like literature, theatre, music, painting and sculpture were promoted. Architcture in he form of a bahay na bato and churches were also introduced.

SOCIAL,CULTURAL, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL

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7. The European system of Education was introduced.

8. The Dominican established the first printing press in 1593.

9. Science like botany zoology, chemistry, medicine, pharmacy were made known and practiced.

10. Hospitals and Orphanages were established

11. Fiestas and Holidays were introduced. ( cockfights, horse races, picnics excursion, pilgrimages, Flores de Mayo, Santa Cruzan festivals and etc.).

Economic development during the Spanish rule were considered rather slow but the Spaniards , nevertheless , made significant economic achievements like establishments of new industries , tobacco monopoly and introduction of the Philippines to the world trade.

SOCIAL,CULTURAL, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL

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RELIGION• Tagalogs referred to supreme beings as Bathala (Kabayunan for Ifugaos,

Laon or Aba for Bisaya, creator of heaven, earth and men.• Kaptan – for the Visayans he was endowed with the power to raise the

dead to life• Sumpoy – the god of the underworld who receive the dead• Sidapa – the Visayan god who determined length of life on Earth• Lalahon ( or Lakampati for the Tagalogs)– the goddess of plants and

harvests• Barangaw- the goddess of the rainbow• Dal’lang – the ilokano goddess of beauty• Malyari – The Zambal god of power and strength• Poko - the Tagbanua god of sea• Kidul – The Kalinga god of the sea• Kolyog – the Ifugao god of earthquakes• Apolaki - Pangasinan war god.

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RELIGION• First waves of Indonesian and Malays who themselves are animist. Who

themselves also venerated the sun, mon and the stars, rainbow, volcanoes and caves

• Filipinos believers of the underworld.

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HISTORICAL

• Chinese traders call the Philippines as MA-YI, popularized by a Chau Ju- Kua , Chinese Superintendent of Foreign Trade in Chuanchu .

• March 16, 1521 – Ferdinand Magellan, Portuguese navigator ,saw the coast of Samar and landed at Homonhon.

• “Archipelago of St. Lazarus”- initial name

• 1543 - Philippines was given by the Spanish explorer Ruy Lopez de Villalobos in honor for the King Philip II of Spain.

• Renaissance Architecture (15th to early 17th century)– characterized by elegance and prosperity as expressed in the rich craft design of the styles.

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HISTORICAL

• March 31, 1521 - first mass in the shore of Limasawa in Cebu.• Missionary orders arrived in the Philippines led by the Augustinians (1565).

– 1578 – Franciscans– 1581- Jesuits– 1587 - Dominicans – 1606 – Recollects– 1641 – The Friars of San Juan De Dios– 1862 – Vincentians – 1886 – Capuchins– 1895 - Benedictines

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HISTORICAL

• Spaniards built churches and taught Filipinos to live in permanent homes called Bahay na Bato.

• During those long colonization years, the Spaniards were also subject to various incursions from the Chinese, Portuguese, Dutch, and British forces. Each incursions was repelled b the Spaniards with the help of the Filipinos.

• Filipinos love for freedom, struggles and revolted against the Spaniards.

• August 19,1896 Katipunan was discovered by the Spanish authorities .

• August 23, 1896 Philippines revolution began.

• November 1, 1897, Biak-na-Bato republic was established and eventually resulted in the creation of and approval of the Philippine Constitution.

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HISTORICAL

• May 1, 1898, Commodore George Dewey, commander of the American fleet, defeated the Spanish Navy in the Batte of Manila Bay, under Admiral Patricio Montojo.

• June 12, 1898 - Aguinaldo issued Philippines independence day but neither Spain nor United States recognized it.

• August 1898 marked the beginning of the end of the Spanish rule. The Americans occupied Manila after it was signed where Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States for $20,000,000.00, The Treaty of Paris. There was an uneasy peace around Manila, with the American forces controlling the city and the weaker Philippines forces surrounding them.

• 1899 last Spanish forces returned to Spain.

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QUIZ 11. SOUTHWEST Monsoon

2. Barangays during the earlier times was not a political society but rather a_______?

3. Name the three social classes in Filipino.

4. Name 2 changes in the socio-cultural economic life of the Filipinos during the Spanish conquest.

5. -

6. What is the ordinances in the Spanish Era that governed the planning and administration of new settlements in the Americas and in the Philippines?

7. In March 31,1521, where was the first mass conducted?

8. What is the name of the goddess of plants and harvest with a Tagalog counterpart was Lakampati?

9. What is the second largest of the three island in the Philippines?

10. What Bounded the Philippines in the East?

11. When did Magellan found the cast of Samar?

12. What name did Magellan initially gave to the Philippines?

13. What architecture type of architecture was prevailing in Europe during the Spanish conquest?

14. Who are the third wave of Immigrants?

15. What was happened that made Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States?


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