Introduction 2

Seminar report 2013 Automatic railway gate control

INTRODUCTION

Now a days, India is the country which having world’s largest

railway network. Over hundreds of railways running on track every day. As

r a i l w a y h a s s t r a i g h t w a y r u n n i n g a s w e l l a s i t h a s s o m e w h a t

r i s k y a n d dangerous as per as general public and traffic concern. As we know

that it is surely impossible to stop the running train at instant is some critical

situation or emergency arises. Therefore at the places of traffic density, suburban

areas a n d c r o s s i n g s t h e r e i s s e v e r e n e e d t o i n s t a l l a r a i l w a y

g a t e i n v i e w o f protec t ion purpose . Obviously a t each and eve ry

ga te the re must be an attendant to operate and maintain it. In view of that, if

we calculate the places of railway crossings and such places where it would to be

install and overall expenditure, the graph arises and arises at the extent. But,

India, our country is a progressive country. It has already enough

economical problems which are ever been unsolved. So, to avoid all these things

some sort of automatic and independent system comes in picture. Now a day’s

automatic system occupies each and every sector of applications as it is reliable,

accurate and no need to pay high attention. So, keeping all these things and aspects

and need of such system our project batch tries to make such type of system

with the help of various electrical, electronic and mechanical

components. The thorough and detail information as per as construction

and working is concerned, it is discussed fatherly.

Dept. Of Electronics 3 CAS, Thodupuzha


HOW IT WORKS

GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and transmit

signal information to earth. GPS receivers take this information and use

triangulation to calculate the train’s exact location. Essentially, the GPS receiver

compares the time a signal was transmitted by a satellite with the time it was

received. The time difference tells the GPS receiver how far away the train. Now,

with distance measurements from a few more GPS, the receiver can determine the

train’s position and display it on the gates.

GPS receiver must be locked on to the signal of at least three satellites to calculate

a 2D position (latitude and longitude) and track movement. With four or more

satellites in view, the receiver can determine the train’s 3D position (latitude,

longitude and altitude). Once the train’s position has been determined, the GPS

unit can calculate other information, such as speed, bearing, track, trip distance,

distance to destination, time and more.



COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM

We strongly believe that the correct combination of latest information and

communication technologies can provide an effective and feasible solution for the

requirement of a reliable and accurate train tracking system to improve the

efficiency and productivity of Railways. The solution we propose encompasses a

powerful combination of mobile computing, Global System for Mobile

Communication (GSM), Global Positioning System (GPS), Geographical

Information System (GIS) technologies and software to provide an intelligent train

tracking and management system to improve the existing railway transport service.

All these technologies are seamlessly integrated to build a robust, scalable

architecture as illustrated in Fig.

The fundamental process in our system is obtaining train location using GPS



technology and transmitting the data via GSM network to the central control unit

for data processing and to the gate information analysis and then to control the

gate. Real- time positioning information received by the server is made meaningful

and extremely useful for the end user through integration of GIS technology where

the end user can better organize and Utilize information from a graphical view

point. Our system consists of 3 main modules.

• The portable hardware unit (GPS/GSM train locator unit)

• Central server which handles receiving information from train locators and

concurrent user requests

• Graphical User Interface (GUI) to provide services to our stakeholders

GPS(Global Positioning System)

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satellite

navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather

conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of

sight to four or more GPS satellites. The system provides critical capabilities to

military, civil and commercial users around the world. It is maintained by

the United States government and is freely accessible to anyone with a GPS

receiver.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPS_receiver

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPS_receiver

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_navigation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_navigation


The GPS project was developed in 1973 to overcome the limitations of

previous navigation systems,[1] integrating ideas from several predecessors,

including a number of classified engineering design studies from the 1960s. GPS

was created and realized by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) and was

originally run with 24 satellites. It became fully operational in 1994. Roger L.

Easton is generally credited as its inventor.

Advances in technology and new demands on the existing system have now

led to efforts to modernize the GPS system and implement the next generation of

GPS III satellites and Next Generation Operational Control System

(OCX). Announcements from the Vice President and the White House in 1998

initiated these changes. In 2000, U.S. Congress authorized the modernization

effort, referred to as GPS.

In addition to GPS, other systems are in use or under development. The

Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) was developed

contemporaneously with GPS, but suffered from incomplete coverage of the globe

until the mid-2000s. There are also the planned European Union Galileo

positioning system, Chinese Compass navigation system, and Indian Regional

Navigational Satellite System.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Regional_Navigational_Satellite_System

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Regional_Navigational_Satellite_System

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass_navigation_system

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLONASS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_L._Easton

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_L._Easton

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Defense

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System#cite_note-1


GSM ( Global System for Mobile Communications)

GSM is a cellular network, which means that cell phones connect to it by

searching for cells in the immediate vicinity. There are five different cell sizes in a

GSM network—macro, micro, Pico, femto and umbrella cells. The coverage area

of each cell varies according to the implementation environment. Macro cells can

be regarded as cells where the station antenna is installed on a mast or a building

above average roof top level. Micro cells are cells whose antenna height is under

average roof top level; they are typically used in urban areas. Pico cells are small

cells whose coverage diameter is a few dozen meters; they are mainly used

indoors. Femto cells are cells designed for use in residential or small business

environments and connect to the service provider’s network via a broadband

internet connection. Umbrella cells are used to cover shadowed regions of smaller

cells and fill in gaps in coverage between those cells.

Cell horizontal radius varies depending on antenna height, antenna gain and

propagation conditions from a couple of hundred meters to several tens of

kilometers. The longest distance the GSM specification supports in practical use is

35 kilometers (22 mi). There are also several implementations of the concept of an

extended cell, where the cell radius could be double or even more, depending on

the antenna system, the type of terrain and the timing advance.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timing_advance

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Umbrella_cells&action=edit&redlink=1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femtocell

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picocell

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcell

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrocell

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_phone

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_network


Indoor coverage is also supported by GSM and may be achieved by using an

indoor Pico cell base station, or an indoor repeater with distributed indoor antennas

fed through power splitters, to deliver the radio signals from an antenna outdoors

to the separate indoor distributed antenna system. These are typically deployed

when a lot of call capacity is needed indoors; for example, in shopping centers or

airports. However, this is not a prerequisite, since indoor coverage is also provided

by in-building penetration of the radio signals from any nearby cell.

(GIS) Geographic information system

Geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture,

store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographical data.

The acronym GIS is sometimes used for geographical information

science or geospatial information studies to refer to the academic discipline or

career of working with geographic information systems.[1] In the simplest terms,

GIS is the merging of cartography, statistical analysis, and database technology.

A GIS can be thought of as a system—it digitally creates and "manipulates" spatial

areas that may be jurisdictional, purpose, or application-oriented. Generally, a GIS

is custom-designed for an organization. Hence, a GIS developed for an application,

jurisdiction, enterprise, or purpose may not be necessarily interoperable or

compatible with a GIS that has been developed for some other application,


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_analysis

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartography

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system#cite_note-1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronym

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_repeater


jurisdiction, enterprise, or purpose. What goes beyond a GIS is a spatial data

infrastructure, a concept that has no such restrictive boundaries.

In a general sense, the term describes any information system that integrates

stores, edits, analyzes, shares, and displays geographic information for

informing decision making. GIS applications are tools that allow users to create

interactive queries (user-created searches), analyze spatial information, edit data in

maps, and present the results of all these operations. Geographic information

science is the science underlying geographic concepts, applications, and systems.

The train locator unit planted in the train is designed and implemented, considering

the cost factor, size of the module, durability and low power consumption. The

power supply unit of the module is a main factor which decides the feasibility of

the unit, as it should sustain a seamless supply of electricity at a low voltage for the

locator module to function properly. The GPS receiver of the unit is capable of

identifying the latitudinal and longitudinal position and ground speed of the

specific train by receiving information from the GPS satellites. The position data is

periodically sent to the central server through the GSM transmitter of the module.

The device is capable of storing data in a buffer at a time of GSM connectivity

failure, and can synchronize with the remote server when GSM is back online. The

device can also respond to commands and data calls from the remote server as per

administrative requirements of the train controllers. We have chosen GSM as the


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_science

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_science

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIS_applications

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_making

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georeference

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_systems

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_data_infrastructure

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_data_infrastructure


communication medium between the train locator and the central server to improve

availability of our system by utilizing the existing GSM network which covers the

whole country. The use of GSM over GPRS significantly improves the feasibility

and availability of our system. Despite the high mobile penetration and number of

mobile telecom service providers (GSM) covering the island, GPRS usage and the

coverage is poor in many rural parts of Sri Lanka. Thus, selection of GSM over

GPRS data communication is feasible and enables island wide service

provisioning. The competition between the GSM service providers has also lead to

high quality GSM services at fair rates. The central control system includes a

server for handling and processing all the position information received from train

locators via the GSM network. The server automatically updates the database with

latest position, speed and direction information of each train. The server carries out

information processing and analyzing in order to cater for different requirements of

the users of our system. The main stakeholders of our system are the railway

administrators (Railway Department), locomotive drivers and the train commuters.

Our main objective is to be instrumental in improving the efficiency and

effectiveness of Sri Lanka Railway services by fulfilling the fundamental

requirement of reliable and real time information of train positioning for

monitoring and administration purposes by the Railway Department.



WORKING PROCEDURE

The end user of our system is offered with an easy to use graphical user

interface for information analysis and administration tasks. The web based access

and extensible mobile access to our software is designed to be intuitive for the end

user to maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of our system. We have

incorporated GIS techniques to provide location specific data organized in layers

so the end user can better apprehend the information provided by the system.

Satellite images providing visual positioning can serve as a very good background

when used in conjunction with map data specifying the location. Our system

essentially provides functionality for the railway administrator to monitor the

progress of a particular train or a group of trains operating in a geographical area.

The user can search and locate trains by the train ID, train name, current location

or nearest station etc. Information such as train speed, direction can also be given

along with real time train positioning data. The train control and management

process includes management of heavy traffic of passenger and freight trains,

which operates in complex running patterns on the railway network. The train

controller needs to ensure that passenger trains are adhering to the schedules as

well to find efficient routes for unscheduled freight trains. Recording the train

movements, arrival/departure at railway stations, fuel status, railway track

conditions, and passenger information is a tedious task for the train controllers and



would be time consuming if done manually. The accuracy of this information is

very important to ensure smooth functioning of the railway service as well as to

optimize resource planning. For example at a point of a railway-track failure or an

accident, train controller should be able to decide on how to utilize existing

resources and efficient alternative routes to ensure system availability of the

railway service in that region. Thus our train tracking system can be enhanced to

automate the train control and management process of the Railway Department in

order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the railway services provided.

Following is a list of facilities that can be offered by our system to automate the

train control and management process.

• Automatic record keeping of train operations and events

• Functionality to generate time-distance graph for trains which can be used to

control and plan the train movements

• Facility to generate user defined reports and graphs on train movements, arrival-

departure at each station, schedule adherence etc.

• Facility to playback the progress of each train and events for review purposes

• Automated schedule regulation

• Forecasting functionality on train arrival-departure at different stations

• Automatic detection of over speeding, non-adherence to traffic regulations, rail-

track failures, train delays etc.



• Facility to send alerts/warnings to particular train drivers on possible collisions,

derailment through the system

• Automatic rail crossing control



FUNCTIONLFAETURES

By automating the process of record keeping of train traveling, the load of

paper work on the train controller is dramatically reduced. This would also ensure

accuracy and integrity of the data eliminating human error when documentation is

done manually. A single entry point of data ensures there’s no ambiguity of the

data recorded in the system. The logged data on arrival-departure time at different

stations, number of passengers onboard, freight details, signaling and fuel status at

different stations, are instrumental for railway administration when evaluating

performance of trains and locomotive drivers. Graphical representation of these

data with ability to compare with historical data will be instrumental for the

administration to take effective decisions. Various user defined reports on train

activities, driver performance, and passenger and freight information also support

timely and accurate decision making by the administration. Time-distance graph is

vital for the train traffic regulation process. The graph gives the user a wholesome

view of the train circulation, railway infrastructure state in different regions and

enables the user to detect abnormal conditions and conflicts. The graph is useful

for the train operator to identify traffic problems in advance and take precautions to

resolve the problems. Data mining is a method of extracting patterns from data [3].

The use of advance data mining techniques combined with complex algorithms

such as neural networks, genetic algorithms and rule induction can be instrumental



in identifying hidden patterns from enormous amount of data. Spatial data mining

technique combines data mining with GIS to find patterns in spatial data, which

could be a powerful tool for applications using geographical information such as

our system. With the huge amount of data pertaining to train operations collected

daily, process of information analysis using conventional methods would be a

difficult task. Hence, the use of spatial data mining techniques would drastically

improve the productivity and effectiveness of the train control and management

process carried out through our system. Facility to playback past activities on the

railway, enables the user to review and analyze operational situations in the past.

Data mining operations can be used effectively in combination with the playback

function to identify sequential patterns of particular activities and their impact on

the railway traffic. For example, at an unfortunate incident of a train collision, train

controllers can use the playback feature combined with the data mining techniques

to analyze and identify the sequence of activities which resulted in that accident.

With that knowledge, railway administrators can take necessary precautions and

trigger alerting mechanisms to avoid such unfortunate accidents in future, making

the railway transportation much safer. Improving safety and availability of railway

transport service requires detection and triggering of alerting mechanisms to avoid

possible train collisions and other forms of adverse incidents. Constant monitoring

of train location, speed, traffic conditions, rail-track conditions and adherence to



traffic regulations helps the train controllers to detect potential collisions and

derailments. A proper alerting framework is vital in order to avoid such adverse

incidents by alerting the locomotive drivers in advance. Our system facilitates a

comprehensive alerting mechanism by enabling the train controllers to send alerts/

notifications to locomotive drivers via GSM connection. The hardware unit planted

in the train can be enhanced to prompt the alerts to the driver in graphical and

audible forms. A LED display unit and an alarm bell to signal adverse conditions

can be integrated with the hardware unit to provide a complete alerting framework.

The unit can be further enhanced to support voice communication between train

controllers and locomotive drivers in order to provide guidance and important

messages to the particular driver. This would also enable locomotive drivers to

contact the control unit at a state of emergency.

Furthermore the system can be incorporated to significantly improve safety

at railway and road intersection points. Over the years, many road accidents have

occurred at railway crossings imposing a critical safety threat to both train

commuters and passengers in vehicles. Such accidents are caused mainly by the

unreliability of the safety mechanisms such as blocking arms and signal lights used

at the crossing point. Thus our system can be extended to improve the reliability of

such safety mechanisms by synchronizing the railway crossing control process

with the incoming train’s position. We can provide accurate real time information



on train position, speed and length of the train to synchronize the functions of rail

crossing with the train movements.

The productivity of the service can be significantly improved by providing

accurate predictions on approaching train at the rail-road crossing and displaying

amount of remaining time to clear the crossing from train traffic. Alarm triggers to

alert road vehicles approaching too close to the rail-road crossing at a point of train

approaching, can also be incorporated to improve the effectiveness of our solution.

Thus the system is instrumental in improving safety of both railway passengers and

people crossing rail-road cross points.

Integrating an intelligent forecasting mechanism on arrival-departure time at

different railway stations can further enhance the efficiency and productivity of our

system. Train schedule is inevitably subject to train delays which can occur due to

various reasons such as excessive train load, rail track failures, train traffic, adverse

weather conditions etc. A number of operational parameters such as railway traffic,

train priority, efficient routes, and railway infrastructure conditions have to be

taken into consideration to accurately forecast train arrival time at various stations.

Here also data mining with other complex algorithms can be instrumental to

provide accurate forecasting on train arrival-departure at stations. The train

schedule regulations are automatically updated and stakeholders can be notified.

One of the main purposes of our system is to facilitate accurate public information



distribution with regard to railway services and operations. Thus, our system can

be incorporated to design and implement innovative Passenger Information

Systems (PIS) based on real time information of train positions. LED-Display

panels put up at railway stations can display arrival departure time of each train

enabling the public user to make informed decisions on their journeys. Route

number, destination of the arriving vehicle and waiting time can be displayed with

real time information. With accurate forecasting of train arrival-departure at

stations, Railway Department can improve the loyal customer base and also attract

new passengers to railway transport service by winning their trust and reducing

user uncertainty of using public transport facilities.

The user experience can be further enhanced by introducing information

Kiosks which can provide information to travelers in an intuitive and interactive

manner to make informed decisions on selecting train routes and departure time.

The interactive kiosk can be used to obtain travel information such as alternate

routes to specified destination, route details on the railway map and latest

information on train schedules etc. As a marketing strategy, information regarding

the particular city, culture and commercial activities can also be provided to the

user through the kiosk. Another extension of the PIS system is delivering real time

train information to handheld devices such as mobile phones and PDAs. With the

increasing interest on mobile applications, access to latest train schedule



information via mobile connection can be influential for improving customer base

of the railway service. Easy to use mobile applications can be designed and

implemented to enable train commuters to easily subscribe to our service and

obtain latest train schedule information via mobile devices. Reliability and

customer loyalty of the railway services can be significantly improved by taking

such action to improve accurate public information distribution of the current

status of railway services.

The GPS satellite system

The 24 satellites that make up the GPS space segment are orbiting the earth

about 12,000 miles above us. They are constantly moving, making two complete

orbits in less than 24 hours. These satellites are travelling at speeds of roughly

7,000 miles an hour.GPS satellites are powered by solar energy. They have backup

batteries onboard to keep them running in the event of a solar eclipse, when there’s

no solar power. Small rocket boosters on each satellite keep them flying in the

correct path.

Here are some other interesting facts about the GPS satellites (also called

NAVSTAR, the official U.S. Department of Defense name for GPS) The first GPS

satellite was launched in 1978.



GPS interface (SR-86):

GPS module used is SR-86 which operate at 4800 baud rate. It continuously

Receives the co-ordinates from three orbiting satellite.

CRITERIA FOR CHOOSING GPS

1. The first & foremost criterion in choosing a GPS is that it must meet the task at

hand efficiently & cost effectively. GPS can best handle the computing needs of

the task most effectively. Among other considerations in the category are:

Speed: measurement today is to consider a series of “trackpoints” that

record position estimates (latitude and longitude) determined by theGPS

at regular time intervals.

Accuracy: The GPS receiver uses a slightly different approach. It measures

its distance from the satellites and uses this information to compute a fix.

Well it really measures the length of time the signal takes to arrive at your

location and then based on knowing that the signal moves at the speed of

light it can compute the distance based on the travel time. However, unlike

the known sites of the olden days, these sites are moving. The solution to

this problem is to have the satellite itself send enough information to

calculate its current location relative to your receiver. Now, armed with the



satellite location and the distance from the satellite we can expect that we are

somewhere on a sphere that is described by the radius (distance) and

centered at the satellite location.

Power consumption: It uses solar cell for its working.Most GPS devices

come with a rechargeable internal battery that lasts around 8 hours. The GPS

will also come with a car adapter for charging or a wall adaptor that you can

use to charge the GPS from any standard electrical source. Lots of people

leave their GPS plugged into the car adaptor and never really utilize the

battery.

Low cost: The first thing you need to consider is the device portability.

Modern day GPS devices are not only good for driving on the road but also

for a lot of other very useful things, depending on the software installed on

it. This means that you will be taking the GPS along with you even if you

aren’t driving in your car. Therefore you should consider the size and

portability of the GPS if you will ever want to take it with you when you are

not driving. The vehicle GPS systems may be cheaper while being portable

than GPS systems that are permanently mounted on the car so this is

something that you will also want to consider. Another important aspect that

you should consider is how far away from home are you going to travel

using your GPS. For example if you are going to travel to the farthest



corners of the country or even outside of India then you may want to get a

device that comes with a better collection of maps and which has a wide

array of directional features. This way if you are in a location you are

unfamiliar with it will be easier for you if you have a high level of

functionality in your GPS device.



FEATURES

Single-chip, high-quality voice recording & play back solution

No external IC s required

Minimum external components

Non-volatile Flash memory technology

No battery backup required



COMPARISION WITH OTHER METHODES

It is More accurate when compared with other methodes. Because it

continuosly monitors the trains changing location.

By using the solar cells it can work for long time. And low power is used for

its working.

With the use of this the Human safety can be made more secure.

The cost of gps in India is low so the entirewsystem can be costless.



ADVANTAGES OF ATOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM

The need of automation is due to or advantages of automatic control

system are:

It results in economy of operation.

Eliminat ion of human er ror .

If frees human beings from mental tasks.

Saving in energy requi rements .

Quick response time

Fully Automatic system

Robust system, low power requirement

Less time delays.

DISADVANTAGES

If GPS slowdowns the total system slowdowns.

If the GSM system is out of coverage area that may result in failure of the

system.

In heavy traffic this cannot perform properly.



FUTURE SCOPE

Each and every project is never complete as new things are learned further

modifications can be done. There always remains an infinite scope of improvement

to a system design. It’s only the time and financial constraints that impose a limit

on the development. Following are the few enhancements that may add further

value to the system.

o Reduce transportation delay.

o If track break is detected then SMS is sent to the base station using

GSM module so that immediately taken.

o Using RFID automatic opening and closing of the gates can be

possible.



CONCLUSION

The idea of automating the process of railway gate operation in level

crossings has been undertaken. As the system is completely automated, it avoids

manual errors and thus provides ultimate safety to road users. By this mechanism,

presence of a gatekeeper is not necessary and automatic operation of the gate

through the motor action is achieved. GPS performs the complete operation i.e.,

sensing, gate closing and opening operation is done by software coding written for

the controller. The mechanism works on a simple principle and there is not much

of complexity needed in the circuit.



REFERENCE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_of_steel

http://www.portlandtribune.com/news/story.php?

story_id=122350294579016400

http://www.pipstechnology.com/alpr/

http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2007/feb/15/epublic


http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2007/feb/15/epublic

http://www.pipstechnology.com/alpr/

http://www.portlandtribune.com/news/story.php?story_id=122350294579016400

http://www.portlandtribune.com/news/story.php?story_id=122350294579016400

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_of_steel


ABSTRACT

The railroad industry’s own desire to maintain their ability to provide safe

and secure transport of their customers hazardous materials, has introduced new

challenges in rail security. Addressing these challenges is important, as railroads,

and the efficient delivery of their cargo, play a vital role in the economy of the

country. The present project is designed to satisfy the security needs of the

railways. This system provides the security in four ways: automatic gate

opening/closing system at track crossing, signaling for the train driver, tracking the

signals, and the track protection. The automatic gate opening/closing system is

provided with the Reflection sensors placed at a distance of few kilometers on the

both sides from the crossing road. These sensors give the train reaching and

leaving status to the embedded controller at the gate to which they are connected.

The controller operates (open/close) the gate as per the received signal from the

Reflection sensors. The train driver always observes the signals placed beside the

track. These signals are controlled from the control room. The green light denotes

that the track is free and red light denotes the track is busy or damaged. These

signals are controlled based on the train position which is sensed by using the GPS

system. The position of the train can be estimated by using the GPS system is

displayed on the control room to indicate the train position along the track.


Introduction 2

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