Introducing Open - Keynote at AGI South West

The OSGeo Foundation

Open Standards
Open Source
Open Data

AGI South West 2013

Arnulf ChristlOSGeo Emeritus President

A fuzzy question:What is Openness?

Lots of FUD
(fear, uncertainty
& doubt)

Let's put some
Order into Chaos

Open Standards

Open Source

Open Data

A Geospatial perspective on:

Arnulf Christl

Geospatial Systems Architect at metaspatialCo-founder and Emeritus President of OSGeo

OGC Architecture Board Member

OpenStreetMap Advocate

Founder of several companies and initiatives,
provides consulting for SDI and travels a lot. http://www.metaspatial.net/

This presentation is available for download at http://arnulf.us/Publications

Part I

What are Open Standards?

The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)

The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) is an international industry consortium

481 members (as of March 2013), companies, government agencies and universities

Operates under a consensus process to develop publicly available interface standards.

OGC Standards support interoperable solutions that "geo-enable" the Web, wireless & location-based services and mainstream IT.

The standards empower producers to make complex spatial information and services accessible

(c) 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium

Slide by courtesyof Athina Trakas

Prevents a single, self-interested party from
controlling a standard

Lower systems and life
cycle costs

Encourage market competition

Choose based on functionality
desired

Avoid lock in to a proprietary
architecture

Stimulates innovation beyond the standard by companies that seek to differentiate themselves.

Source: Open Standards, Open Source, and Open Innovation: Harnessing the Benefits of Openness, April 2006. Committee For Economic Development. www.ced.org

What OGC brings to the table iseveryone has confidence we wont take advantage of the format or change it in a way that will harm anyone
Michael Weiss-Malik, Google KML product manager

Reasons for Open Standards

The OGC Definition of Open

Freely and publicly available

Unencumbered by patents and other intellectual property

Non discriminatory

No license fees

Vendor neutral

Data neutral

Agreed to in a Consensus Process (by the members)

No single entity controls the standard

Open standards are not restricted to Open Source!

http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Open_Source_and_Open_Standards


Slide by courtesy
of Athina Trakas

Provide an HTTP interface to access mapsGetCapabilities (document with list of maps)

GetMap

GetFeatureInfo

GetLegend

Return images in the requested size and format

http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/wms

OGC WMS (Web Map Server)


Provide an HTTP interface to access dataGetCapabilities (document with list of feature types)

DescribeFeatureType

GetFeature

Reads and writes geometry in the standard format GML (Geography Markup Language)

http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/wfs

OGC WFS (Web Feature Service)


Standards are like parachutes:
they work best when they're open. Mary Mc Rae, OASIS*

* Minds, like parachutes, function better when open, but, like fists,
they strike harder when closed. L.E. Modesitt, Jr., American Author (1943 -- )
Source picture: http://www.all-hd-wallpapers.com/wallpapers/sports/425236.jpgSlide by courtesy of Athina Trakas

Part II

What is Open Source Software?

Software development teamSolves the problem

new version is released

Software users have new requirements, find bugs

Code is improved

Problem is identified

Publish Software (or Code)Software Development

Market analysis

Development teamdevelops software

Goal: Sell licenses Product launch

beta version release for beta tester

beta tester reports errors to development team

development team reproduces the error

development team solves problem after OK from pm

Proprietary motivation: Make Money

development team reports to the product management

Proprietary Vendors

Market analysis

Development teamdevelops software

Goal: Sell licenses Product launch

beta version release for beta tester

beta tester reports errors to development team

development team reproduces the error

development team solves problem after OK from pm

Proprietary motivation: Make Money

development team reports to the product management

Proprietary Vendors

Ask questions: When is the software released?When is new functionality implemented?Who cares if something breaks?How many people develop software?What do the other employees do?

Black Box

Overall Revenue in IT

Less than 7% of revenue in IT is generated through selling software usage licenses.

(i.e. by restricting copying)

Read http://arnulf.us/Cadastre for more details

Primary motivation: Solve Problem Publish results

Interaction with Users Improve Software

Release often (iterate)

Open Source Business





Implementation

Maintenance

Consulting

Support

bug fixing

Training

Service Level Agreement

Maintain specific distribution





Implementation

Maintenance

Consulting

Support

bug fixing

Training

Service Level Agreement

No Monopolies & Highly Competitive!

Maintain specific distribution

Copying is not Theft

There is a big difference between material theft and digital copying. We have difficulties understanding this because we are material.But our Mind is not entirely material, therefore we can understand.

A great 60 second cartoon by Nina Paley:Copying is not Theft.

Why does it Work?

Because there is a need for
software

Because there is a community

Because we are all connected
(through the Internet)

Part III

What is OSGeo?

Yes, but... anybody can call anything "Open Source". And Open Source is not magically better software!How do we know the software is good?How do we know the software will
be around tomorrow?Who will help?

Using Open Source?

Open Source Geospatial Foundation

http://www.osgeo.org

Your Open Source Compass
...organizes spatial IT

The OSGeo Foundation

OSGeo is a global not-for-profit organization founded in February 2006

Leading voice for Geospatial Open Source

Structure similar to the Apache Foundation

Volunteer based

Funded by sponsorship

Does not provide direct end user services!

OSGeo's Mission

Support and promotethe highest qualityOpen Source Geospatial Software

Provide resources for Open Source projects:Infrastructure

Legal

Financial

Quality Assurance for Open Source projects

Promote free and open geospatial data

Create and maintain a quality brand

Support Local Chapters: http://www.osgeo.org/uk

OSGeo's Goals

http://www.osgeo.org

OSGeo's Structure

CommitteesCommitteesCommittees

Board of 9 Directorsand President

LocalChaptersLocalChaptersLocalChaptersOfficersOfficers25 Officers

LocalChaptersLocalChaptersFoundationProjectsCommitteesCommitteesCommittees

elected by Membership

145 Charter Members Charter Members vote

represent

Sponsors

Part IV

Licensing

Free Software Licensing

Free Software LicensingNot as in "free beer"
but as in free speech

You are free to:

use it anywhere for any purpose

understand and improve it

adjust it to suit your needs

collaborate with anybody else


Free Software is a legal licensing model (a vaccine) to protect the user's interest. Proprietary licenses only protects the vendor's interest. Nota bene:
"Commercial Software" is a misnomer because Open Source is used commercially everywhere.

FOSS Licenses

Clear BSD License

GNU General Public License (GPL), Version 3

GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), Version 3

Apache License, Version 2.0

Modified BSD license

FreeBSD license

Mozilla Public License (MPL) version 2.0

XFree86 1.1 License

etc.

http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#SoftwareLicenses

Free Software LicensingNot as in "free beer"
but as in free speech

You are free to:

use it anywhere for any purpose

understand and improve it

adjust it to suit your needs

collaborate with anybody else


Guaranteed!

You are not allowed to copy

You are not allowed to modify

You are not allowed to give away

You are not allowed to improve

You are not allowed to install

You are not allowed to share

You are not allowed to...

Proprietary Licenses

...another cartoon by Nina Paley: Terms of Services!

Data Licensing

If exclusive data ownership is a commercial advantage then licenses will be proprietary

If the broadest possible usage of the data maximises the RoI then licenses will be Open.

Part V

What is Open Data?

OpenStreetMap isa community project tocreate a free editablemap of theworld

Example 1

http://OpenStreetMap.org

How does it Work?

Maps are created using data fromportable satellite navigation devices (aka GPS)

aerial photography

other free sources

local knowledge

Why does it Work?

Because there is a need for
free map data

Because there is a community

Because we are all connected (through the Internet)

(a lot of experience comes from the Open Source movement)

Ordnance Survey is the National Mapping Agency and has the mission to comprehensively and
accurately map
Great Britain

Example 2

1 April 2010Open Data arrives at OS

1791The French threaten to invade

How does it Work?

Map data is created by surveyorsusing devices (aka GPS)

aerial photography

other sources

local knowledge

Why does it Work?

Because there is a need for authoritative map data

Because the government funds it

Who owns the Data?

Part V

How to License Geospatial Data?

How is OSM licensed?

Since the beginning of the projectCreative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0

Then over three years a major change was initiated which lead to a completely new license:Since April 1st 2012:Open Database License (OBbL)

The data which was committed until 2012 March 31st is still, and will forever be available under the CC license.http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/

ODbL

OBbL Rights (human readable version)

http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/summary/

OBbL Duties (human readable version)

Ordnance Survey

since 1999 Ordnance Survey has been required to act as a Trading Fund or commercial entity. This means that it is supposed to be totally self-funding from the commercial sale of its data and derived products - whilst at the same time it is supposed to be the public supplier of geographical information.

Wow, this ain't not gonna work now, will it?

See also: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Data_in_the_United_Kingdom

OS OpenData License

The OS OpenData license allows you to: copy, distribute and transmit the data;

adapt the data; and

exploit the data commercially, whether by sub-licensing it, combining it with other data, or including it in your own product or application.

Incorporates the UK Open Government License.http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/opendata/licensing.html

The Geospatial Data
Schizophrenia

Value (Return on Investment)

Effort & Cost
(Investment)

Public Authority

Private businesses

Who reaps the profits?

Summary

Standards must be open

Software can be openWith high protection (GNU GPL)

With less protection (Clear BSD)

Proprietary licenses are designed to protect the interest of the vendor (only)

Data should be open, if it is for the public good

And there will always by reasons to keep things proprietary...

Copyright: Arnulf Christl, metaspatial. This slide set is copyrighted to the commons

The annual Conference on Free and Open Source Software
for Geospatial

With friendly support by:

Thank you for
your Attention!

http://www.metaspatial.net

INSPIRE (and PSI)

How is the data released through INSPIRE licensed?

Open questions: What is the meaning of
Public Sector Information (PSI)?

How can geospatial PSI be used?

What license can the public administration use?

What does "Commercial Use" mean?

What is the way forward for INSPIRE?

References

OSGeo Foundation website: http://www.osgeo.org

Wiki: http://wiki.osgeo.org

Open Source: http://producingoss.org by Karl Fogel

OpenStreetMap: http://www.openstreetmap.org/

A note on Copyright: http://arnulf.us/Seven:Copyrights

The ODbL http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/

OSM Dispute: http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Open_Data_License/Why_You_Should_Decline

Lawyer talk: http://www.ifross.org/ifross_html/home2_2009.html

This presentation is available for download at http://arnulf.us/Publications

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Introducing Open - Keynote at AGI South West

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