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Introducing Ecology Write everything that is Underlined Slide 2 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic the study of the relationships between biotic and abiotic factors in environments eco (G) root home, abode ecoclimate ecosystem ecotourism log, -o, y (G) suffix study of zoology epidemiology climatology Ecology Eco logy Slide 3 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & AbioticOrganismOrganism 2.An organism is an individual living thing (such as an alligator) Slide 4 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic Organism PopulationPopulation 3.A population is a group of the same species that lives in one area. Slide 5 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic Organism Population CommunityCommunity 4.A community is a group of different species that live together in one area. Slide 6 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic While the earth is huge, life is found in a very narrow layer, called the biosphere. If the earth could be shrunk to the size of an apple, the biosphere would be no thicker than the apple's skin. Slide 7 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic The biosphere, like the human body, is made up of systems that interact and are dependent on each other. The biospheres systems are called ECOSYSTEMS. Slide 8 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic Organism Population Community EcosystemEcosystem 5.An ecosystem includes all of the organisms as well as the other nonliving things in a given area. (such as climate, soil, water, rocks) Slide 9 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biome 6.A biome is a major regional or global community of organisms characterized by the climate conditions and plant communities that thrive there. Slide 10 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic a major regional or global biotic community, a super ecosystem, defined chiefly by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climate Biome Slide 11 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic desertdesert grasslandgrassland tropical rain forest deciduous forest coniferous forest tundratundra Major Biomes of the World oceanocean Slide 12 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic Levels of Organization smallest unit of living things group of similar cells organized to work together group of different kinds of tissues working together group of organs working together one individual living thing all organisms of the same kind living in one area all interacting populations in an ecosystem all living and nonliving things interacting within a certain area large region with typical plants and animals that includes several ecosystems cell Slide 13 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic Section 13.2 KEY CONCEPT: Every ecosystem includes both living and nonliving factors. Slide 14 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic III.Elements in an Ecosystem 1.Biotic factors are living things. Remember, BIO means LIFE! (like Biology)Remember, BIO means LIFE! (like Biology) a.plants b.animals c.fungi d.bacteria Slide 15 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic Examples of Biotic Factors include plants, animals, fungi, microorganisms Slide 16 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic 2.Abiotic factors are nonliving things. Remember, A means NOT (like Asymmetrical means not symmetrical)Remember, A means NOT (like Asymmetrical means not symmetrical) a.sunlight b.temperature c.wind d.Moisture i.Water, rain, clouds e.soil Slide 17 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic Examples of Abiotic Factors include air, water, soil, temperature, wind, source of energy (usually sun) Slide 18 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic Ecological Niche A plant's or animal's ecological niche is a way of life that is unique to that species.A plant's or animal's ecological niche is a way of life that is unique to that species. Niche and habitat are not the same. While many species may share a habitat, this is not true of a niche. Each plant and animal species is a member of a community.Niche and habitat are not the same. While many species may share a habitat, this is not true of a niche. Each plant and animal species is a member of a community. The niche describes the species' role or function within this community.The niche describes the species' role or function within this community. Slide 19 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic For example, the red fox's habitat, which might include forest edges, meadows and the bank of a river, is shared with many animals.For example, the red fox's habitat, which might include forest edges, meadows and the bank of a river, is shared with many animals. The niche of the red fox is that of a predator which feeds on the small mammals, amphibians, insects, and fruit found in this habitat. Red foxes are active at night. They provide blood for blackflies and mosquitoes, and are host to numerous diseases. The scraps, or carrion, left behind after a fox's meal provide food for many small scavengers and decomposers. This, then, is the ecological niche of the red fox.The niche of the red fox is that of a predator which feeds on the small mammals, amphibians, insects, and fruit found in this habitat. Red foxes are active at night. They provide blood for blackflies and mosquitoes, and are host to numerous diseases. The scraps, or carrion, left behind after a fox's meal provide food for many small scavengers and decomposers. This, then, is the ecological niche of the red fox. Only the red fox occupies this niche in the meadow-forest edge communities. In other plant communities different species of animal may occupy a similar niche to that of the red fox.Only the red fox occupies this niche in the meadow-forest edge communities. In other plant communities different species of animal may occupy a similar niche to that of the red fox. Slide 20 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic Keystone 3.Changing one factor in an ecosystem can affect many other factors. 4.A keystone species is a species that has an unusually large effect on its ecosystem. If you moved this stone the whole arch would fall down Slide 21 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic creation of wetland ecosystem increased waterfowl Population increased fish population nesting sites for birds keystone species 5.Keystone species form and maintain a complex web of life. Slide 22 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic Chapter 13-1 & 13-2 Review questions 1.What is Ecology? 2.Define organism, population, community, biome, biotic, and abiotic factors. 3.Give two examples of biotic and abiotic factors. 4.What is a keystone species? 5.What does every ecosystem include?