Introducing Cascading Style Sheets

XPIntroducing Cascading Style Sheets• With Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), you can create

one or more documents that control the appearance of some or all the pages at your Web site– Greater consistency in your Web site– Easily modified code– More flexible formatting

• Across-the-board compatibility with all browsers is called cross-browser support– No browser supports all features of CSS

New Perspectives on Blended HTML, XHTML, and CSS 1

XPComparing HTML Code to CSS Code


XPCreating a CSS Rule• In a text document, type the selector followed by a left brace, as

in the following code, and then press the Enter key.selector {

• Type the declarations, separating a property from a value with a colon, and then type a semicolon, as in the following code.property:value;

• Type a right brace to end the declaration list. The following code shows the syntax for a complete rule selector {property1:value;property2:value; }


XPGuidelines for Writing CSS Rules• When writing CSS rules, make sure you include

the following parts of the code:– Left brace before the declaration list– Colon between each property and its value– Semicolon at the end of each declaration– Right brace at the end of the declaration list– Spacing, indentation, line returns, or the position of

the braces are irrelevant


XPUsing the Three Types of CSS Styles• An external style is one in which you write the

CSS code in a document separate from the HTML for the Web page

• An embedded style is one in which you write the CSS code in the <head> section of an HTML document

• An inline style is one that is written in the <body> section of an HTML document


XPCreating an Embedded Style• Embedded styles apply styles locally to a single

Web page


XPChanging the Font• In CSS, styles are grouped according to their

function. One of the most commonly used groups is the font properties


XPChanging the Font


XPChanging the Font• You use the font-size property to change the size

of type


XPChanging the Font• You use the font-variant property to display

lowercase text in small caps, which is smaller than regular capitals

• The font-family property changes the typeface


XPChanging the Font


XPSetting Other Properties to Style Text• The CSS line-height property changes vertical

spacing between lines of text, a feature not available in HTML– margin property


XPSetting Other Properties to Style Text


XPUsing the font Shortcut Property• The font property is a shortcut property, which

means you can use it to specify more than one declaration at a time– font-style– font-weight– font-variant– font-size– line-height– margin– font-family


XPUsing Color on a Web Page• In HTML code, you can refer to colors in several

ways—by name, RGB value, hexadecimal value, or “short hex” value

• RGB values are based on the intensity of red, green, and blue

• The hexadecimal values for colors represent the intensity of red, green, and blue


XPUsing Color on a Web Page


XPUsing the color Property• The CSS color property changes the foreground

color, which determines the color of text


XPSetting the background-color Property• You use the background-color property to

change the background color of an element


XPGrouping Selectors• If you want more than one HTML selector to

have similar declarations, you do not have to create a separate rule for each selector


XPUsing Contextual (Descendent) Selectors• In HTML, you can nest tags to apply multiple

formatting features to the same text• You can nest CSS code by specifying a selector

within another selector, which is called a contextual selector


XPUsing the display Property• The display property is one of the CSS

classification properties


XPCreating and Applying an Inline Style• To create and apply an inline style, you place the

style code within the tag in the HTML document where you wish the style to take effect


XPCreating and Applying an Inline Style


Introducing Cascading Style Sheets

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