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Finley A. Charney, Ph.D. P.E.

Francisco Flores, Ph.C.

Advanced Analysis and Modeling Techniques in Structural Earthquake Engineering

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Syllabus Lecture Date Topic

1 March 13 Introduction to OpenSEES and TCL

Introduction to OpenSees. Install Tcl and OpenSees. Modeling a 2 Story frame. Apply gravity loads and lateral loads. Check forces and reactions.

2 March 20 Introduction to OpenSEES and TCL, Continued

Perform Modal Analysis using the 2-Story model developed in first class. Matlab: Animate modes and create videos of the animations.

3 March 27 Using Phenemonological Models in OpenSEES

Write a script that performs a cyclic test on a zero length element and check different materials. Matlab: Use matlab to create an input file for OpenSees and create a video that tries different material parameters to match a specific cyclic test.

4 April 3 Using Fiber Models in OpenSEES in OpenSEES

Using Fiber Models in OpenSEES Application: Obtain Moment-Rotation plot using a concrete section with fibers.

5 April 10 Modeling a SMF without panel zones

Modeling a 2Story frame including plastic hinges at beams and columns. Analyze under gravity loads and obtain periods.

6 April 24 Geometric Nonlinearities in OpenSEES

Perform Pushover analysis and compare curves including and not including P-Delta effects.

7 TBD* Modeling Inherent Damping in OpenSEES

Perform Free Vibration analysis using model created in previous class. Matlab: Use matlab to calculate inherent damping from the analysis.

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Syllabus

Lecture Date Topic 8 May 8 Ground Motion Selection

and Scaling Use of Spectrum Matching tool and Toolkit scaling module

9 May 15 Incremental Dynamic Analysis

Application: Write script to perform nonlinear dynamic analysis and Incremental dynamic analysis.

10 May 22 Example Application of Chapter 16

Modeling 3D structures in OpenSees and other advanced modeling capabilities

11 May 29 Example Application of Chapter 16, continued

Development of 3D example for Chapter 16 analysis

12 June 5 Example application of Chapter 16, continued

Static pushover and evaluation of torsional response

13 June 12 Example Application of Chapter 16, continued

Dynamic analysis and compliance with acceptance criteria

14 June 19 Example Application of P-695

Learning the ToolKit. Use the 2-story model frame to perform analyses.

15 June 26 Example Application of P-695, continued

Using the ToolKit to perform Pushover, IDA and create scripts to run in parallel.

16 July 3 Example Application of P-695, continued

Example of how to submit files to run IDA analyses using NeesHub. The scripts to run the analyses are given by the ToolKit.

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Introduccin OpenSees

Introduccin

OpenSees por sus siglas Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation fue desarrollado por el Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) con el apoyo del National Science Foundation.

Este software es utilizado para investigacin y simulacin de sistemas geotcnicos y estructurales.

OpenSees usa Tcl/Tk como lenguaje de programacin y se extendi con comandos para OpenSees.

El modelamiento de estructuras es muy flexible, permite la seleccin de distintos elementos y materiales en conjunto con diferentes aproximaciones cinemticas para considerar grandes desplazamientos y efectos P-Delta.

Tiene distintos procedimientos y algoritmos para dar solucin a problemas no-lineales estticos y dinmicos.

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Instalacin

Descargar OpenSees y Tcl/Tk.

Instalar Tcl/Tk: la localizacin por defecto para instalar este

programa es C:\tcl, es muy importante cambiar esto a "C:\Program Files\Tcl" durante la instalacin. Si al correr OpenSees aparece el error Cannot find tcl85.dll es porque no cambio el lugar donde se debe instalar Tcl y se debe reinstalar.

Finalmente ubicar ejecutable de OpenSees (opensees.exe) en el directorio deseado. 6

Pasos para realizar anlisis en OpenSees:

1. Definir modelo

2. Geometra

3. Definir resultados a grabar (Recorders)

4. Anlisis

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Define Model (2D o 3D)

Model Geometry

Define Recorders

Analysis

1. Definir Modelo

1. Definir modelo Definir si modelo va a ser en 2D o 3D y el nmero de grados de libertad. Model Command: Se usa para definir las dimensiones y el nmero de grados de libertad del modelo.

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model BasicBuilder -ndm $ndm

2. Geometra

2. Geometra En este paso, todos los nodos, elementos, materiales, restricciones y cargas son definidas.

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2. Geometra

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node $nodeTag (ndm $coords)

Node Command: Comando utilizado para definir nudos de la estructura. Asigna coordenadas y masas (opcional). Element Command: Comando utilizado para construir un elemento:

element eleType? arg1? ...

Tipos de Elementos en OpenSees:

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ZERO LENGTH ELEMENTS TRUSS ELEMENTS BEAM-COLUMN ELEMENTS

zeroLength Element Truss Element Elastic Beam Column Element

zeroLengthND Element Corotational Truss Element

Elastic Beam Column Element with Stiffness

Modifiers

zeroLengthSection Element Beam With Hinges Element

CoupledZeroLength Element Displacement-Based Beam-Column Element

zeroLengthContact Element Force-Based Beam-Column Element

zeroLengthContactNTS2D

Flexure-Shear Interaction Displacement-Based

Beam-Column Element

zeroLengthInterface2D

zeroLengthImpact3D

JOINT ELEMENTS LINK ELEMENTS BEARING ELEMENTS

BeamColumnJoint Element Two Node Link Element Elastomeric Bearing Element

ElasticTubularJoint Element Flat Slider Bearing Element

Joint2D Element Single Friction Pendulum Bearing Element

TFP Bearing

Triple Friction Pendulum

MultipleShearSpring Element

MultipleNormalSpring Element

KikuchiBearing Element

QUADRILATERAL ELEMENTS TRIANGULAR ELEMENTS BRICK ELEMENTS

Quad Element Tri31 Element Standard Brick Element

Shell Element Bbar Brick Element

ShellNL Twenty Node Brick Element

Bbar Plane Strain Quadrilateral Element Twenty Seven Node Brick Element

Enhanced Strain Quadrilateral Element SSPbrick Element

SSPquad Element

U-P ELEMENTS MISC CONTACT ELEMENTS

UC San Diego u-p element (saturated soil) ShallowFoundationGen SimpleContact2D Element

Four Node Quad u-p Element SurfaceLoad Element SimpleContact3D Element

Brick u-p Element BeamContact2D Element

bbarQuad u-p Element BeamContact3D Element

bbarBrick u-p Element BeamEndContact3D Element

Nine Four Node Quad u-p Element zeroLengthImpact3D

Twenty Eight Node Brick u-p Element

Twenty Node Brick u-p Element

Brick Large Displacement u-p Element

SSPquadUP Element

SSPbrickUP Element

2. Geometra

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SP_Constraints: (Single Point Constraint): Los comandos para crear este tipo de constraints son: fix, fixX, fixY, fixZ. MP_Constraints: (Multi Point Constraint): Comandos usados para este tipo de constraints : equalDOF rigidDiaphragm, rigidLink. Pattern Command: Comandos usados para definir cargas.

3. Recorders

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3. Recorders:

element eleType? arg1? ...

Node Node Recorder Node Envelope Recorder Drift Recorder Element/Section/Fiber Element Recorder ElementEnvelopeRecorder Graphics Plot Recorder

4. Anlisis

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4. Anlisis: En este paso, los mtodos a usar para analizar la estructura son definidos. En OpenSees, un anlisis esta compuesto por diferentes partes o componentes definidas por el usuario. Los componentes a definir previo a todo anlisis son:

4. Anlisis

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1. ConstraintHandler: Determina como las ecuaciones de los constraints definidos son realizados en el anlisis. Maneja las condiciones de borde o desplazamientos impuestos. a) Plain Constraints: Usado comnmente con comandos tales como (fix

command) o (equalDOF command). b) Lagrange Multipliers c) Penalty Method d) Transformation Method

constraints constraintType? arg1? ...

4. Anlisis

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2. DOF_Numberer: Determina la manera en que los grados de libertad son numerados para resolver las ecuaciones. Se los puede renumerar para optimizar la matriz de rigidez y hacer ms rpido el anlisis. a) Plain Numberer b) Reverse Cuthill-McKee Numberer c) Alternative_Minimum_Degree Numberer

numberer numbererType? arg1? ...

4. Anlisis

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3. SystemOfEqn/Solver: Especifica como guardar y resolver el sistema de ecuaciones en el anlisis. a) BandGeneral SOE b) BandSPD SOE c) ProfileSPD SOE d) SuperLU SOE e) UmfPack SOE f) FullGeneral

g) SparseSYM SOE h) Mumps

system systemType? arg1? ...

4. Anlisis

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4. Convergence Test: Determina el mtodo para verificar la convergencia del sistema. a) Norm Unbalance Test b) Norm Displacement Increment Test c) Energy Increment Test d) Relative Norm Unbalance Test e) Relative Norm Displacement Increment Test f) Total Relative Norm Displacement Increment Test g) Relative Energy Increment Test h) Fixed Number of Iterations

test testType? arg1? ...

4. Anlisis

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5) SolutionAlgorithm: Determina la secuencia de pasos a tomar para resolver las ecuaciones no-lineales en el tiempo presente (t). a) Linear Algorithm b) Newton Algorithm c) Newton with Line Search Algorithm d) Modified Newton Algorithm e) Krylov-Newton Algorithm f) Secant Newton Algorithm g) BFGS Algorithm h) Broyden Algorithm algorithm algorithmType? arg1? ...

4. Anlisis

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6. Integrator: determina el paso a predecir para el tiempo t+dt. Static Integrators: a) Load Control b) Displacement Control c) Minimum Unbalanced Displacement Norm d) Arc-Length Control Transient Integrators: a) Central Difference b) Newmark Method c) Hilber-Hughes-Taylor Method d) Generalized Alpha Method e) TRBDF2

integrator integratorType? arg1? ...

4. Anlisis

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7. Analysis: Define el tipo de anlisis a ser ejecutado. analysisType Static - for static analysis Transient - for transient analysis with constant time step VariableTransient - for transient analysis with variable time step

analysis analysisType?