Introducción a la Macroeconomía - Williamson
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Transcript of Introducción a la Macroeconomía - Williamson
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Chapter 1 TopicsWhat is macroeconomics?GDP, economic growth, business cycles.Macroeconomic models.Understanding recent and current macroeconomic events.
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What is Macroeconomics? Models built to explain macroeconomic phenomena.The important phenomena are long-run growth and business cycles.Approach in this book is to build up macroeconomic analysis from microeconomic principles.
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Gross Domestic Product, Economic Growth, and Business CyclesGross Domestic Product (GDP): the quantity of goods and services produced within a countrys borders over a particular period of time.The time series of GDP can be separated into trend and business cycle components
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Figure 1.1 Per Capita Real GDP (in 2000 dollars) for the United States, 19002005
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Figure 1.2 Natural Logarithm of Per Capita Real GDP
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Figure 1.3 Natural Logarithm of Per Capita Real GDP and Trend
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Figure 1.4 Percentage Deviations from Trend in Per Capita Real GDP
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Macroeconomic ModelsA macroeconomic model captures the essential features of the world needed to analyze a particular macroeconomic problem.Macroeconomic models should be simple, but they need not be realistic.
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Basic Structure of a Macroeconomic ModelConsumers and firmsThe set of goods that consumers consumeConsumers preferencesThe production technologyResources available
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Understanding Recent and Current Macroeconomic EventsAggregate productivityTaxes, Government Spending and the Government DeficitInterest RatesBusiness Cycles in the United StatesThe Current Account Surplus and the Government SurplusInflationUnemployment
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Figure 1.5 Natural Logarithm of Average Labor Productivity
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Figure 1.6 Total Taxes (black line) and Total Government Spending (colored line) in the United States, as Percentages of GDP
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Figure 1.7 The Total Government Surplus in the United States as a Percentage of GDP
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Figure 1.8 The Nominal Interest Rate and the Inflation Rate
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Figure 1.9 Real Interest Rate
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Figure 1.10 Percentage Deviation from Trend in Real GDP, 19472006
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Figure 1.11 Exports and Imports of Goods and Services for the United States as Percentages of GDP
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Figure 1.12 The Current Account Surplus and the Government Surplus, 19602006
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Figure 1.13 The Inflation Rate and the Money Growth Rate
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Figure 1.14 The Unemployment Rate in the United States, 19482006
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Figure 1.15 Deviations from Trend in the Unemployment Rate (black line) and Percentage Deviations from Trend in Real GDP (colored line)