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Internal Combustion Engines

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Internal Combustion Engines

types of heat engines

external combustion

internal combustion

steam engines

turbines

Stirling engine

Otto engine

Diesel engine

Vankel engine

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Internal Combustion Engines

The internal combustion engine is

an engine in which thecombustion of fuel-oxidizer

mixture occurs in a confined space

applied in:automotiverail transportationpower generationshipsaviationgarden appliances

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Internal Combustion Engines

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Internal Combustion Enginesfour stroke-Otto engine -

starting position

a. piston starts movingdownb. intake valve opens

c. air-fuel mixturegets in

1. intake

a. piston moves upb. both valves closedc. air-fuel mixture

gets compressed

2. compression

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Four_stroke_cycle_compression.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Four_stroke_cycle_intake.png

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Internal Combustion Enginesfour stroke -

ignition

a. air-fuel mixtureexplodes driving thepiston down

3. power

a. piston moves upb. exhaust valve opensc. exhaust leaves thecylinder

4. exhaust

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Four_stroke_cycle_exhaust.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Four_stroke_cycle_power.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Four_stroke_cycle_spark.png

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Internal Combustion Enginesfour stroke -

Advantages:dedicated lubrication system makes to enginemore wear resistantbetter efficiency that 2-stroke engine

no oil in the fuel less pollution

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Internal Combustion EnginesDiesel -

air intake

compression

fuel injection

combustion

exhaust

exhaust/intake

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Internal Combustion EnginesDiesel -

Advantages:self ignition (without electrical spark plug)better efficiencyreliabilityhigher durability

Drawbacks:more NOxproduction

more expensive productionmore weightlouder

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Internal Combustion EnginesDiesel -

fuel injector

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Internal Combustion Enginesmulti-cylinder -

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Internal Combustion Enginesmulti-cylinder -

Cylinder layouts

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V

Internal Combustion Enginesmulti-cylinder -

flatboxer

inline

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Internal Combustion Enginesmulti-cylinder -

14 cylinder Diesel engine (80 MW)

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Internal Combustion Enginesmulti-cylinder -

Cylinder layoutsradial

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Internal Combustion Engines

Valve operation

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Internal Combustion Engines

Wankel rotary engine

Advantages:higher power outputno reciprocating mass

simpler and lighter construction

Drawbacks:increased wear of rubbing partshigher fuel consumption

requirement for better materials

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Internal Combustion Enginestwo stroke -

Advantages:lack of valves, which simplifies construction andlowers weightfire once every revolution, which gives a

significant power boostcan work in any orientationgood power to weight ratio

Drawbacks:lack of a dedicated lubrication system makes

the engine to wear faster.necessity of oil addition into the fuellow efficiencyproduce a lot of pollution

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Internal Combustion Enginestwo stroke -

1. Power / Exhaust2. Intake / Compression

a. ignitionb. piston moves downward

compressing fuel-air mixturein the crankcase

c. exhaust port opens

a. inlet port opensb. compressed fuel-air mixture

rushes into the cylinderc. piston upward movement

provides further compression

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Internal Combustion Engines