Intro to War Horse - Lesson 1

8/10/2019 Intro to War Horse - Lesson 1

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General Information

Started on July 28, 1914

Ended on November 11, 1918

Almost 8,000,000 dead.

*** Russia the most = 1.7 million

Almost 22,000,000 wounded

Map o f Europe great ly changed.


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Reasons for start of

war Extreme nationalismpride in country

Imperialism

Militarismbuilding up military Alliance system -

European powers formed rival alliances to

protect themselves

PROBLEM? One event could drag all

countries involved into a conflict.


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Alliances and Strategies

The goals of each of the alliance members Britain maintain continental balance and

UK sea superiority France confine Germany Russia expand if possible Germany solidify German-speaking

people and never fight on two fronts(West first and then East)

Austria hold everything together Italy try to solidify own territory Ottoman Turks survive
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The Black Hand.. The main objective of

the Black Hand was thecreation, by means ofviolence, of a Greater

Serbia. Its stated aim was: "Torealize the nationalideal, the unification ofall Serbs. This

organisation preferedterrorist action tocultural activities; it willtherefore remain

secret."
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The spark that lit

the fuse. The one event that started the Great Warhappened in the Balkans.

The Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria) was

assassinated while visiting Serbia.

The Black Hand was responsible.
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Kaiser Wilhelm II

You will be

home beforethe leaves have

fallen from the

trees!!


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Outbreak of War

Balkan trigger Serbs revolt/backed by Russians

Austria suppressed Serbs

Serbian killed Austrian heir

War (domino effect) Austria declared war on Serbia

Russia declared war on Austria

Germany joined with Austria

France and Britain declared war on

Austria and Germany

Archduke Ferdinand

on day ofassassination


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Conduct of War

German attack in theWest

French counter-attackbut are pushed back

Russian speed ofmobilization surprisedGermans so Germanywas forced to move

some troops to theEastern front

Stagnation and trenchwarfare in the West


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Trench Warfare

Technology superior to tactics

Machine gun versus a human chargethrough "No man's land"

New technology = poison gas, airplanes

Very high death rates Battle of the Somme = 600,000 allied and

500,000 German dead for 125 miles of land Battle of Verdun = 700,000 killed on both

sides with no gain in territory


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Trench Warfare

From Erich Remarque'sAll Quiet onthe Western Front"We see men living with their skulls blown

open; we see soldiers run with their twofeet cut off Still the little piece ofconvulsed earth in which we lie is held.We have yielded no more than a few

hundred yards of it as a prize to theenemy. But on every yard there lies adead man."


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Battle of Verdun

the longest and one of the bloodiest engagementsof World War I. February 1916 December 1916

Two million men were engaged.

The intention of the Germans had been a battle ofattrition in which they hoped to bleed the Frencharmy white.

In the end, they sustained almost as manycasualties as the French; an estimated 328,000 tothe French 348,000.
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Approximate comparative losses in World War I

Intro to War Horse - Lesson 1

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