THE BASIS OF

PHONETICS & PHONOLOGY

International Phonetics Alphabet

Phonetics & Phonology

Phonetics & Phonology

No Topics Phonetics Phonology1. Main Focus How sounds are

madeHow sound are used

2. Normal Scope All Languages A particular Language

3. Role of Native Speaker

Native Speaker pronunciation of sounds

Native Speaker reactions to sounds

4. Role of Linguist Record sounds accurately

Describe significance of sounds & sound changes

5. Linguistic Perspective

Etic Emic

Phonetics & Phonology

• The phone is the basic unit of phonology.

• Phonological rules for a particular language dictate both phoneme and allophones used by the language and the acceptable syllable structures (phoneme/allophone combination)

• Phonetics and phonology are strongly interrelated. Phonetics provide the speaker with the sound differentiation necessary to imply meaning whereas phonology helps the speaker understand sound patterns, sequences, and coarticulatory interrelationships.

International Phonetic Alphabet• The IPA provides the user with a

universally accepted symbols for each of the speech sounds.

• The IPA is phonetic, not phonemic in design. In other words, a particular symbol is used to represent the pronunciation of a speech sound, not to delineate a change in meaning.

• The International Phonetic Association, the agency governing IPA, has a system of detailed principles applied to the formation and variation of the alphabet (see the IPA chart)

• IPA does not use capital letters

IPA Chart

English Sounds Chart

Other symbols, Diachritics, and Suprasegmentals• Other symbols, diachritics, and

suprasegmentals are the three subscription of IPA used to enhance and further delineate production.

• The other symbols category allows for the transcription of additional sounds not fully represented in consonants and vowel categories.

• Diachritics are symbols designed to be added to consonant, vowels, and other symbols to further describe the phoneme.

• Suprasegmentals provide information on stress, boundaries, timing, and speech.

Why Do We Need to Study English Phonology? [1]

Why Do We Need to Study English Phonology? [2]