Intro to Mendelian Genetics

Honors Biology

https://conradchrabol.wordpress.com/mendels-early-works/

What is Genetics?The science that studies

___________.

Heredity is passing ofcharacteristics from parent to offspring.

https://www.the-joke-box.com/picture/192/genetics.html

Heredity

The Father of Genetics:

____________ was an Austrian monk that was born in 1822.

In the monastery, he studied genetic ______ and gave us a basic understanding of _______ and how they work.

Gregor Mendel

traitsgenes

Mendel’s experiments were designed by using ____________ in the

monastery garden

Pea plants have both ___________ and

__________ parts

https://www.lexile.com/book/details/9780810954755/

pea plants

male

female

Pea plant transfer _______ (sperm) to the egg located in the _______ plant, resulting in ________ parent.

Self-PollinationThis is called ______________

pollen

sameone

____________ is the process of _________ the pollen

(sperm) and egg.

Fertilizationuniting

Mendel’s Pea Experiments:

Mendel started his experiments with peas that were _________________

= if allowed to _________________ they would produce ____________________ to themselves.

true-breeding

self pollinate

offspring identical

Mendel’s Pea Experiment

Mendel ____________________making parts and ____________from _______ plant.

This allowed him to_____________ plantswith ______________ characteristics and ________ the results

http://hus.yksd.com/distanceedcourses/YKSDbiology/lessons/FourthQuarter/Chapter11/11-1/images/MendelExperiment.gif

removed pollen

cross-breed

added pollen

another

different

study

A _____________________ is called a ____________

Mendel tested _________________ in peas.

Pearson Education Inc,; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

specific characteristictrait

7 different traits

When Mendel crossed true- breeding (________) PLANTS with 2 ______________ traits:(EX: Tall crossed with short)

PUREContrasting

Mendel’s Pea Experiment

____ generation (_________)

____ generation(______= offspring)

___ generation

P1Parental

F1

Filial

F2

He always found the same pattern:

1. ONLY ______ trait ____________ in the ____ generation BUT . . .

2. ___________ traits were found in ____ generation. The ________trait __________ in a_________ ratio.

one showed

F1

Both

F2

missing

returned

3:1

http://www.tubechop.com/watch/7029990

It’s all about the patterns!

Image modified from:http://www.laskerfoundation.org/rprimers/gnn/timeline/1866.html http://www.biology.lifeeasy.org/2502/explain-the-law-of-

dominance-using-a-monohybrid-cross

Mendel decided that there must be a pair of ___________ that ________each trait and that

__________ must be able to _______ the other.

factors

control

one factor

hide

The factors Mendel referred to are now known as _______ that are carried on the _____________ _____________.

http://www.biologyjunction.com/karyotype_lab.htm

genes

homologous

chromosome

A gene is a stretch of DNA or RNA that determines a certain trait.

Genes can have two or more different CHOICES. An _______ is one of the choices for the gene.

allele

Example: Eye color

__________________ = An allele that ________ the presence of another allele

__________________ = An allelethat __________________ the

presence of another allele

Dominant

hides

Recessive

is hidden by

http://io9.com/yet-another-lesson-that-should-be-banished-from-biology-1204061434

Dominant is represented by a ____________.

Recessive is represented by a ____________.

CAPITAL LETTER

lowercase letter

http://gladewaterbiology.blogspot.com/2009/11/law-of-dominance.html

How does the recessive trait skip a generation?

P1

F1

F2

MeiosisThe movement of ____________ in

_________.Chromosomes

Remember Meiosis?

_____________ chromosomes_________during ANAPHASE I= _________________

homologous

separate

SEGREGATION

Image modified from: http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/Crossover.gif

____ offspring __________ an allele for tallness from their _______ parent and an allele for shortness from their ________ parent.

The F1 plants ALL ___________ but are ___________ an

allele for _____________

F1 received

tallshort

http://gladewaterbiology.blogspot.com/2009/11/law-of-dominance.html

LOOK TALL

carrying

short

What’s happening in F1 CROSS?

LAW OF ___________________

alleles are separated when the F1 plants ______________

When these gametes recombined to make the F2 generation, the _____________ trait _______________ in ¼ of the offspring

http://biology-forums.com/index.php?action=gallery;sa=view;id=514

SEGREGATION

made gametes

shortreappears