Intro to Hand Tools-14

Class Notes

OBJECTIVES

1. Demonstrate the use of woodworking hand tools.

2. Be able to identify the hand tools covered.

3. Demonstrate the proper care and storage of hand tools.

I. Uses of Ag. Mechanics Hand Tools

A. General Rules• 1. Hand tools used for cutting should

be sharp to improve safety and ease of cutting

• 2. Use the right SIZE and TYPE of tool for the job to reduce or

eliminate injuries.• 3. Fine or small teeth on a saw blade

make a smoother cut

a. Coarse or large teeth cut faster.

• B. Carpentry tools– 1.“Measure twice, cut once” is a good

rule to follow to reduce the amount of wasted time and materials.

– 2. Measuring tools for wood are usually divided into 16 parts per inch

or 1/16ths. – 3. Handle should be held firmly against

edge of board.a. Combination square- is

used to mark 45° and 90° angles.

1). Can be used as a miter square ,plumb bob,

level, depth gauge, marking gauge, and inside and outside try square.

b. Try square- is used to mark 90°angle.

c. Framing square -used to layout rafters

1). Body 24 inches long 2). Tongue is 16 inches long

d. T bevel - is used to find and transfer various angles.e. Steel measuring tape- used

to measure long items- 3. Soapstone is used to mark metal

without leaving a permanent scratch.

• C. Hammers-use – 1. Hold handle near the end away

from hammer head to improve accuracy and leverage.

– 2. Large nails require the use of a heavier hammer than small nails.

a. Size is based on weight of head

– 3. Using nails to fasten wood is fast, but today it is the weakest method.

– 4. Match the nail to the job• a. Common nails are used most in

construction

• b. Finishing nails should be used when the head needs to

be set below the surface of the wood.

• D. Hammers-Types– 1. Parts of hammer

a. Head-weightb. Claw-shapec. Handle- material

– 2. Nail hammer is used to drive nails to fasten one board to another.• a. Has a curved claw to remove

nails– 4. Ripping hammer is used to– remove wood and to drive nails.

• a. Has a straight claw to rip wood apart

– 3. Wood mallet- used on wood and wood chisels

– 5. Ball peen hammer is used to hammer metal objects such as punches, chisels, or parts of small engines.

– 6. Masonry hammer- used to break blocks

– 7. Chipping hammer -use to remove slag from weld

– 8. Half Hatchet- use to shape wood

• E. Saws1. DO NOT saw out the marked line because board will be too small

a. Saw on waste side of mark.

2. Crosscut saw is used to cut across the grain.

• 3. Ripsaw is used to cut with the grain. 4-10

teeth/in.• 4. Coping saw has a very

narrow, thin blade that can be removed and inserted in a hole to

saw out a hole in the middle of a board.

5. Miter saw is used to cut angles.

a. Compound miter- cuts angles in

2 directions

6. Hacksaw is used to cut metal, andPVC or steel

pipe a. There should be

at least three teeth in contact with the metal.

• F. Wrenches and pliers– 1. Adjustable wrench is used to

turn various sizes nuts and bolts.– 2. Box end wrench- closed on

both ends– 3. Open end wrench- open on

both ends– 4. Combination wrench is used

to turn both hex and square nuts– 5. Long nose pliers (needle) are

used to reach into recessed areas.– 6. Slip joint pliers are used to

hold various sizes of materials.– 7. Vise grip pliers are used for

extra firm holding or gripping.• a. Vise grip welding pliers-

used to hold metal together to weld

• G. Screwdrivers1. Use the correct size and

type for the job.2. A heavy duty screwdriver

has a square shank so that a wrench can be used to help remove large screws.

3. Slotted – used on slotted screws

4. Phillips- used on phillips (star) screws

5. Offset- used to reach screws in hard to reach places

• H. . Taps and dies – When used to cut threads in metal– 1. Taps- thread and re-thread holes– 2. Dies- thread rods or stripped bolts– 3. Oil should be used for lubrication.

• - one drop

• I. Sanding– 1. Sandpaper is rated by Grit-amount

of abrasive – 2.Sand with the grain and use fine

or very fine sandpaper to prevent scratches.

– 2. Coarse sandpaper is used to remove large amounts of wood when sanding, but it leaves scratches in the wood.

– 3. Start with course and advance to fine

• J. Various tools1. Counterbore is used to flare the top of

a hole to recess the head for a screw or bolt.

a. Countersink- recess and pre- drills hole to prevent splitting

2. Brick trowel is used to place and spread mortar

3. Cement (finishing) trowel -used to smooth concrete

4. Wrecking bar (crow) is used to rip and pry wood.

5. Files- used to remove metal

6. Center punch- used to set for a drill bit

7. Chalk line reel- used to transfer lines to be cut