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INTRODUCTION TOINTRODUCTION TO

GLOBAL MARITIME DISTRESSGLOBAL MARITIME DISTRESS

& SAFETY SYSTEM (GMDSS)& SAFETY SYSTEM (GMDSS)

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OLD SYSTEMOLD SYSTEM

All vessels of 1600grt and aboveAll vessels of 1600grt and aboveand all passenger vesselsand all passenger vessels -- morsemorse

telegraphy on 500 KHztelegraphy on 500 KHz

All vessels of 300grt and aboveAll vessels of 300grt and above --MF and VHF telephony on 2182 kHzMF and VHF telephony on 2182 kHz

and 156.8 MHz (Channel 16)and 156.8 MHz (Channel 16)

Ship to ship alertingShip to ship alerting

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SOLAS V Regulation 4SOLAS V Regulation 4

(Navigational Warnings)(Navigational Warnings)

Each Contracting Government shall take all stepsEach Contracting Government shall take all steps

necessary to ensure that, when intelligence of anynecessary to ensure that, when intelligence of anydangers is received from whatever reliable source, itdangers is received from whatever reliable source, it

shall be promptly brought to the knowledge of thoseshall be promptly brought to the knowledge of those

concerned and communicated to other interestedconcerned and communicated to other interestedGovernments*Governments*

** Refer to the Guidance on the IMO/IHO WorldRefer to the Guidance on the IMO/IHO World--WideWide

Navigational Warning Service adopted by theNavigational Warning Service adopted by theOrganization by resolution A.706(17) as amendedOrganization by resolution A.706(17) as amended

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Undertakings By ContractingUndertakings By Contracting

GovernmentsGovernments(SOLAS IV(SOLAS IV Extract of Regulation 5:Extract of Regulation 5:

Provision ofProvision ofradiocommunicationradiocommunication services)services)

Each Contracting Government undertakes toEach Contracting Government undertakes to

make available, as it deems practical andmake available, as it deems practical and

necessary, either individually or in conecessary, either individually or in co--operation with other Contractingoperation with other Contracting GovernmentsGovernments ,,

appropriate shoreappropriate shore--based facilities for spacebased facilities for space

and terrestrial radiocommunication servicesand terrestrial radiocommunication serviceshaving due regard to the recommendations ofhaving due regard to the recommendations of

the Organisation.the Organisation.

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99 FunctionalFunctional RequirementsRequirements1.1. Transmission of shipTransmission of ship--toto--shore distress alerts by at leastshore distress alerts by at least

two separate and independent means, each using atwo separate and independent means, each using adifferent radio communication service;different radio communication service;

2.2. Reception of shoreReception of shore--toto--ship distress alerts;ship distress alerts;

3.3. Transmission and reception of shipTransmission and reception of ship--toto--ship distressship distressalerts;alerts;

4.4. Transmission and reception of search and rescue coTransmission and reception of search and rescue co----ordinating communications;ordinating communications;

5.5. Transmission and reception of onTransmission and reception of on--scenescene

communications;communications;6.6. Transmission and reception of signals for locating;Transmission and reception of signals for locating;

7.7. Transmission and reception of Maritime SafetyTransmission and reception of Maritime SafetyInformation (MSI);Information (MSI);

8.8. Transmission and reception of general radioTransmission and reception of general radiocommunications to and from shorecommunications to and from shore--based radio systemsbased radio systemsor networks;or networks;

9.9. Transmission and reception of bridgeTransmission and reception of bridge--toto--bridgebridgecommunications;communications;

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GMDSS IncludesGMDSS Includes

Distress alerting (via DSC radioDistress alerting (via DSC radioand/or satellite)and/or satellite)

Locating signals (Locating signals (SARTsSARTs,, EPIRBsEPIRBs))

Transmission/reception of MSITransmission/reception of MSI

General communications (ship toGeneral communications (ship to

ship, ship to shore and SAR coship, ship to shore and SAR co--ordination via DSC radio and/orordination via DSC radio and/or

satellite)satellite)

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Description of GMDSS Sea AreasDescription of GMDSS Sea Areas

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as aboveas above406 MHz406 MHzCospasCospas--SarsatSarsat

HFHFMFMF

VHFVHF

North of 70North of 70NNoror

South of 70South of 70SS

A 4:A 4: Other areas (i.e.,Other areas (i.e.,beyondbeyond InmarsatInmarsat

range)range)

as aboveas above406 MHz406 MHz

CospasCospas--SarsatSarsat

as above, plus, 1.5as above, plus, 1.5--1.61.6

GHz alerting or as A1 andGHz alerting or as A1 and

A2 plus all HFA2 plus all HF

frequenciesfrequencies

HF orHF or

SatelliteSatellite

MFMF

VHFVHF

7070NN--7070SSA 3A 3 : Within: Within

geogeo--stationarystationary

satellite range (i.e.satellite range (i.e.

InmarsatInmarsat))

as aboveas above406 MHz406 MHz

CospasCospas--SarsatSarsat

as above, plus,as above, plus,

2187.5 kHz DSC,2187.5 kHz DSC,

2182 kHz RT,2182 kHz RT,

2174.5 kHz NBDP,2174.5 kHz NBDP,

518 kHz NAVTEX518 kHz NAVTEX

MFMF

VHFVHF

about 50about 50--250 n miles250 n milesA 2:A 2: Within range ofWithin range of

shoreshore--based MFbased MF

stationsstations

9 GHz radar9 GHz radar

transpondertransponder

(SART); VHF(SART); VHF

portable radio (Chportable radio (Ch

16 and one other16 and one other

frequency)frequency)

406 MHz406 MHz

CospasCospas--SarsatSarsat

or VHF EPIRBor VHF EPIRB

156.525 MHz (Ch 70) for156.525 MHz (Ch 70) for

DSCDSC

oror

156.8 MHz (Ch16) RT156.8 MHz (Ch16) RT

VHFVHFDepends on antennaDepends on antenna

height at shoreheight at shore--basedbased

VHF station, aboutVHF station, about

2020--50n miles50n miles

A1:A1: Within range ofWithin range of

shoreshore--based VHFbased VHF

stationsstations

Survival CraftSurvival CraftEPIRBsEPIRBsFrequenciesFrequenciesRadioRadioDistanceDistanceArea Descript ionArea Descript ion

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Global Maritime distress and Safety System

Ship inShip indistressdistressDistress alert is normally

init iated manuallyManual acknowledgement

Distress alerting ~ ship-to-shore

Distress alerting ~ shore-to-ship

Distress alerting ~ ship-to-ship

SAR co-ordination communications

Locating signals

Bridge to Bridge communications

Area 1

area within RT coverage of at least one VHF coast radio

station (~20-30 miles) providing continuous availability

of digital selective calling (DSC) alerting

Area 2

area, excluding area A1, within the RT coverage of at

least one MF DSC coast radio s tation providing

continuous availability of alertingarea, excluding areas A1 and A2, within

the coverage of INMARSAT

geostationary satellites providing for

continuous availability of alertingArea 3

Area 4

area, excluding areas A1,

A2 and A3. Basically, in

very high latitudes, e.g. thepolar regions. Possibly on

coverage of one HF DSC

station

INMARSAT

Geostationary satellite transmission system

(global coverage between 70N and 70S)

Transmitting & Receiving Maritime Safety Information

Maritime Safety Information- Navigational warnings- Meteorological warnings

- SAR information

W W N W S

Generalradiocommunications

- medical advice

- vessel traffic services- ship reporting- public correspondence

General radiocommunications

Coast

earth

station

(CES)

Coast

earth

station

(CES)

Coast radio

station(HF, MF, VHF DSC)

Terrestrial

communication

network

Rescueco-ordination

centre

(RCC)

COSPAS-SARSAT

Polar orbiting satellite system

operating globally the dis