Intro to Flight Testing Engineering

7/25/2019 Intro to Flight Testing Engineering

1/26

Introduction To

Flight Testing

by

Dr. Ralph D. Kimberlin

Professor


2/26

Reasons For Flight Testing

To comply with Regulations,Specifcations, or MissionRequirements

To develop Products

Saety

Research


3/26

FAA Regulations and Advisory Circulars

FI!" #I$% &IR'R&FT

Small &ircrat F&R () * '&R )&' ()+'

Transport &ircrat F&R (- * '&R ./&' (-+0&

R1T&R2 #I$% &IR'R&FT

Small Rotorcrat F&R (0 * '&R 3&' (0+4&

Transport Rotorcrat F&R (5 * '&R 0&' (5+(&

&66 &IR'R&FT

$oise F&R )3


4/26

FAA Regulations and Advisory Circulars(Cont.)

AIRCRAFT ENGINES FAR 33

AC 33-2A

PROPELLERS FAR 35


5/26

Military Specifications

MI6+'+-744/ Perormance Specifcation

MI6+F+0-" Sta8ility and 'ontrol

Specifcations

MI6+400 S*' For Fly+/y+#ire

MI6+M+0077" 9and8oo: Specifcation

Requirements o the 'ontract


6/26

Order of rototype Flight Testing

Sha:edown Flights

&irspeed System 'ali8ration

Stall Speed Measurement

Flight !nvelope !;pansion


7/26

Suggested Order Of Certification Testing

'ertifcation Flight Test Plan &pproved

&pplicant Flight Test Report Reviewed

TI& Issued

'onormity Inspection Perormed

Familiari>ation Flights

&irspeed System 'ali8ration Flights

Stall Speed Measurement Flights

!ngine 'ooling and other !ngine Related

Flights

Perormance Flights


8/26

Suggested Order of Certification Testing (Cont.)

Forward '?%? Sta8ility and 'ontrol

Tests

&t '?%? Sta8ility and 'ontrol Tests

Spins

"ives to the "ive Speed

Special Tests

Perormance

$oise&vionics

1ther Systems

Function and Relia8ility


9/26

Flight Test Instru!entation

T2P!S 1F I$STR@M!$TS4? &ir "ata

(? Power

)? &cceleration

.? Fuel Flow and Fuel 'onsumed

-? 'ontrol Position and Force3? %yros, &ttitude and Rate

0? Flow &ngles


10/26

Control of Aircraft Configuration and "oading

&ircrat 'onfguration 6og

&ircrat 6oading 6og

Reasons or 'ontrolling'onfguration and 6oading

4? Dnowing what was tested(? Test Saety


11/26

#eight and $alance Ter!inology

Ma;imum Ta:eoE #eight or

Standard #eight


12/26

Other #eight and $alance Ter!s

Ramp #eight6anding #eight

Ma;imum Bero Fuel #eight

Ma;imum Ta;i #eight

Fleet #eights


13/26

%!pty #eight and C.&.

FAR '.' and '*.'

!mpty #eight


14/26

+evelop!ent of the #eight and C.&. %nvelope

Structural !nvelope


15/26

Aircraft #eighingRef, %A-AC *-A / AC 0-'A

M!T91"S F1R "!T!RMI$I$% #!I%9T


16/26

#eighing Techni1uesRef, %A-AC *-A / AC 0-'A

6eveling the &ircrat

6ongitudinally

6aterally

"etermining Tare #eight

"etermining #eight and '?%?

"etermining the Kertical and 6ateral

'?%?


17/26

Significance Of Ma2i!u! andMini!u! #eight Re1uire!ents

From the Flight Test Standpoint the Ma;imumTa:eoE #eight is usually set 8y aPerormance Parameter?

9owever, even i Perormance is adequate,the Ma;imum Ta:eoE #eight cannot e;ceedthat #eight to #hich the &ircratCs Structurehas 8een tested?

Minimum #eights o8tained rom theirpossi8le com8inations should 8e paidparticular attention? !specially on ST'Programs, as the &dditional #eight o theModifcation may not allow the modifed

aircrat to meet the Regulation?


18/26

PA-32-301 SARATOGA W!G"T A#D $A%A#& #22'T


19/26

$allasting For Flight Tests

Selection o /allast Types


20/26

Flight Cards

&re developed to 8e used to help the Pilot and !ngineer

organi>e the Gight eciently, while collecting thenecessary data?

&re personali>ed or ecient use 8y the Test Pilot andFlight Test !ngineer

Should contain the ollowing inormation

4? "ate

(? Type &ircrat

)? Tail or $ $um8er.? Flight $um8er

-? 'onfguration and 6oading

3? Ta:eoE and 6anding Times

0? Type o Test and Test Method @sed

? Trim Speed, &ltitude and 1&T


21/26

Flight Cards (Cont.)

Flight 'ard Inormation 'ontinued

5? Position o 6anding %ear and Flaps

47? Power Setting at Trim44? &ny Test 6imitations

4(? Test Specifc "ata

4)? 'omments a8out Specifc Test or "ataPoint

4.? $ames o Personnel involved in the Test


22/26

Flight Test Tolerances

Reerences F&R ()?(l8 and (-?(4d

&' ()+&, (-+0, (0+4, and (5+(&

Purpose H To allow or variations in Gight testvalues rom which data are accepta8le or

reduction to the desired valueIT!M T16!R&$'!

&irspeed ) Dts or or H )J whichever is greater

Power or H -J

#ind


23/26

Flight Test Tolerances (Cont.)

Tolerances are not to 8e used tocircumvent the regulation

'onsult &dvisory 'irculars ()+', (-+0&, (0+4, and (5+(& or

Tolerance Inormation onSpecifc Tests


24/26

+ata Collection Methods

Sta8le !quili8rium

$on+Sta8le !quili8rium

$on+!quili8rium


25/26

+ata Reduction Se1uence

'orrection or Instrument !rror'orrect or Position !rror


26/26

The At!osphere'omposition

Intro to Flight Testing Engineering

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