Intro to Cells TPJ 3M Heath Care Nicole Klement. What is a Cell? Latin for ““small room” A...
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Transcript of Intro to Cells TPJ 3M Heath Care Nicole Klement. What is a Cell? Latin for ““small room” A...
Intro to Cells
TPJ 3M
Heath Care
Nicole Klement
What is a Cell?
Latin for ““small room” A cell is the functional and structural unit of all living organisms What is Considered a ““Living” organism? Found as early as 1632 by Antony van Leeuwenhoek The Cell Theory ----1839 by the German botanist Matthias
Jakob Schleiden and German physiologist Theodore Schwann
Types of Cells
ProkaryoticBacteriaArchaea
EukaryoticUnicellular
ProtistsMulti-cellular
FungiPlantsAnimals
Prokaryotic Cells
Characteristics Old Greek for “Before nut (kernel)” Unicellular (some multi-cellular in very rare cases) Lacks a membrane bound nucleus Lacks membrane bound organelles Has a cell membrane (cell wall) Has ribosomes (protein production) Circular DNA
Example of a Prokaryotic Cell
Bacteria
Greek for “small stick ” Most Abundant Organism Found in all environments Many are Beneficial to
Everyday Needs Some are Pathogens (can
make you sick) Move by Flagella or by
Gliding Asexual Reproduction
Bacteria – E.Coli
Archaea
Greek for ““old ones”” Identified in 1977 by Carl Woese of the University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and George Fox Extremophiles (like extreme conditions) Mesophiles Found in Living Organisms Two Groups: Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota
Archaebacteria in Yellowstone Geisers
Kingdoms
Eukaryotes
Unicellular (ex: Protists) Multicellular (ex: fungi, plants, animals) Membrane bound nucleus Contain Organelles Linear DNA
Example of a Eukaryotic Cell
Protists
Categories of Protists:
ProtozoaAnimal likeMotileFeed by Phagocytosis
AlgaePlant likeUses photosynthesis for its nutrients Some motile, some are not
Fungi
All come from a common ancestor Thought to be more related to animals then
plants Most are symbiotic Lack organs Reproduce sexually or asexually Many are used in everyday human life
Example; Fungi Cell
Plant Cells
Has a cell wall made of cellulose Has a large central vacuole Can photosynthesize Contains Chloroplasts which contain
Chlorophyll The cells differentiate in to dermal tissue,
vascular tissue, or ground tissue or tissue
Plant cell
Example of a Plant Cell
Animal Cells
• Unicellular and Multicellular• Lacks a Cell Wall and Chloroplasts• Small Vacuoles • Appear spherical in shape• Contains a variety of Organelles
Example of an Animal Cell
Typical Eukaryotic Animal Cell
Different types of animal cells
Red blood cell - human Heart cell-
beating
Breast Cancer
Cheek cell- human
Sperm Cell Eye cell
Viruses: the exception
Latin for ““poison”” Does not meet all the criteria of “Life” Not made up of cells Contains DNA or RNA, but not usually both Require a host to replicate Causes the common cold, the flu, chickenpox, AIDs, Bird flu Many techological uses
Example: Virus cell
Types of Eukaryotic Cell
Somatic Cells Greek for ““body’’ All cells in the body except the sex cells Found in the bones, skin, organs, tissues, blood Reproduce by MitosisGerm Cells The Sex Cells (Sperm and Ova) Somatic cells Reproduce by Meiosis
Cells
Part 1- Research a Cell Type Pick one of the following types of cells: Prokaryotic (Bacteria, Archaea) Eukaryotic
Unicellular (Protists)
Multicellular (Fungi, Plant, Animal)
Use your biological drawing skills to summarize the main parts of your chosen cell.
You will be asked to contribute your labeled drawing to the class’ notes.
You may use any textbook or internet resource (that is reputable) – I suggest:
Cellsalive; http://www.cellsalive.com/gallery.htm
Part 2 – Comparing the different cell types As a group we will pool our knowledge in a discussion and create a flow chart comparing the various cell types. Your knowledge for part one will be important here.