Intro to Abhidhamma

Abhidhamma

ABHI = higher, sublime, special distinguished

Dhamma = teaching or ultimate realities

According to the Abhidhamma philosophy there are two types

of Truth:

• Conventional truth (sammuti sacca)

• Ultimate Truth (paramattha sacca)

Kalàpas in the body

Conventional TruthConventional Truth

Atom

Nucleus

Protons

Neutrons

Electrons

Sub-atomic particles

Ultimate Truth - Råpa Kalàpa

1.Earth element2.Water3.Fire4.Wind5.Colour6.Smell7.Taste8.Nutritive Essence

In Abhidhamma, Ultimate Truth (Reality) is In Abhidhamma, Ultimate Truth (Reality) is fourfold:fourfold:

1. Consciousness (citta)2. Mental Factors (cetasika) conditioned dhamma3. Matter (rpa)

4. Nibbāna unconditioned dhamma

CONSCIOUSNESS (citta)

• It is just awareness of an object. • Functions as a forerunner of mental factors

• It manifests as a continuity of processes. • Consciousness arises only in combination with mental factors• It arises at tremendous speed, each consciousness going

through the same 3 stages: arising (birth), static (decay) and dissolution (death)

• At any one moment, only one consciousness arise. • In conventional truth, one lives from conception to death,

however in the ultimate sense one lives only for one conscious moment.

Citta

arisingstatic

dissolution

Consciousness can be classified with respect to its nature (jàti) in 4 ways:

1. Unwholesome (akusala)2. Wholesome (kusala)3. Resultant (vipàka)4. Functional (kiriya)

Six Types of Roots

• Three wholesome rootsThree wholesome roots– Non greed– Non hatred– Non delusion

• Three unwholesome rootsThree unwholesome roots– Greed– Hatred– Delusion

12 unwholesome consciousness8 rooted in greed8 rooted in greed

1. One consciousness, accompanied by joy, associated with wrong view, unprompted

2. One consciousness, accompanied by joy, associated with wrong view, prompted

3. One consciousness, accompanied by joy, dissociated from wrong view, unprompted

4. One consciousness, accompanied by joy, dissociated from wrong view, prompted

5. One consciousness, accompanied by equanimity, associated with wrong view, unprompted

6. One consciousness, accompanied by equanimity, associated with wrong view, prompted

7. One consciousness, accompanied by equanimity, dissociated from wrong view, unprompted

8. One consciousness, accompanied by equanimity, dissociated from wrong view, prompted

12 unwholesome consciousness

2 rooted in hatred2 rooted in hatred

1. One consciousness accompanied by displeasure, associated with aversion, unprompted

2. One consciousness accompanied by displeasure, associated with aversion, prompted

12 unwholesome consciousness

2 rooted in delusion

• One consciousness accompanied by equanimity, associated with doubt

• One consciousness accompanied by equanimity, associated with restlessness.

8 sense-sphere wholesome consciousness

1. One consciousness accompanied by joy associated with knowledge, unprompted

2. One consciousness accompanied by joy associated with knowledge, prompted

3. One consciousness accompanied by joy dissociated from knowledge, unprompted

4. One consciousness accompanied by joy dissociated from knowledge, prompted

5. One consciousness accompanied by equanimity associated with knowledge, unprompted

6. One consciousness accompanied by equanimity associated with knowledge, prompted

7. One consciousness accompanied by equanimity dissociated from knowledge, unprompted

8. One consciousness accompanied by equanimity dissociated from knowledge, prompted

Cognitive Process

Consciousness operates in 2 ways:1. Cognitive process

1. Five door cognitive process

2. Mind door cognitive process

2. Process Freed1. Rebirth consciousness

2. Bhavanga

3. Death consciousness

What is Bhavanga?

• Bhava = existence

• Anga = factor

Bhavanga = “factor of existence”

Bhavanga

Bhavanga

Five door cognitive process (eye door)

P V A F E Rc I D J J J J J J Rg RgJ B………

FIVE-DOOR COGNITIVE PROCESS

Visible Object – 14 moments of consciousness act as cognitive process

EFA RgV RgP Rc I D J J J J J J JB

Eye-door cognitive process

Wholesome and unwholesome kamma are performed at the

Javana stage

The visible object and

Eye-sensitivity perish

Together with Rg

consciousness

Process-freed

Key:

P=past bhavanga, V=vibrating bhavanga, A=arrest bhavanga, F=5-Door adverting consciousness, E=eye consciousness, Rc=Receiving consciousness, I=investigating consciousness, D=determining consciousness,

J=javana, B=bhavanga.

MIND-DOOR COGNITIVE PROCESS

A RgV RgP M J J J J J J JB

Key: P=past bhavanga, V=vibrating bhavanga, A=arrest bhavanga, M=Mind-Door consciousness, I=investigating consciousness, J=javana, B=bhavanga.

FIRST MIND-DOOR COGNITIVE PROCESS



PAST…

SECOND MIND-DOOR COGNITIVE PROCESS



“LOTUS”

THIRD MIND-DOOR COGNITIVE PROCESS



Next MIND-DOOR COGNITIVE PROCESS



Like and Dislike !!



Mind-door cognitive process

Wholesome and unwholesome

kamma are performed and

strengthened at the Javana stage

Process-freed


Kamma

Unwholesome kamma performed in sense sphere Unwholesome kamma performed in sense sphere javanajavana

– Body • Killing• Taking what is not given• Sexual misconduct

– Speech• Telling lies• Slandering• Harsh speech• Frivolous talk

– Mind• Covetousness• Ill-will• Wrong view



Mind-door cognitive process

Process-freed

Second through 6th javana generate

indefinitely effective kamma, which can

produce its effect at any time along samsara until one reaches Parinibbana

7th javana generates subsequently

effective kamma, which can produce

its results in the immediate future

life.

First javana generates immediately effective kamma, which can only produce its effect in this very life.

Right Effort in Cultivating Good Mind States

1. To prevent the arising of evil

2. To discard evil

3. To arouse unarisen wholesome states

4. To develop and bring to perfection the wholesome states

How to generate habitual wholesomeness by wise

attention

Impermanence

Person Object Object

How to generate habitual wholesomeness by wise

attention

Kammassakata

Situation

Consciousness can also divided into four groups by way of plane :

• Sense-sphere • Fine-Material-sphere consciousness • Immaterial-sphere consciousness• Supramundane consciousness

7 Planes of 4th Jhana

3 Planes of 3rd Jhana

3 Planes of 2nd Jhana

3 Planes of 1st Jhana

6 Deva realms

1 Human realm

1 Asura realm

1 Peta realm

1 Animal realm

1 Hell beings realm

NPNNP

Nothingness

Infinite Consciousness

Infinite Space

31 planes 31 planes of of existenceexistence

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6 Deva realms

1 Human realm

1 Asura realm

1 Peta realm

1 Animal realm

1 Hell beings realm


11 Sense sphere planes





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16 Fine material sphere planes

5 wholesome fine-material sphere consciousness

1. 1st jhāna = wholesome consciousness together with initial application, sustained application, joy, happiness, and one- pointedness.

2. 2nd jhāna = wholesome consciousness together with sustained application, joy, happiness, and one- pointedness.

3. 3rd jhāna = wholesome consciousness together with joy, happiness, and one- pointedness.

4. 4th jhāna = wholesome consciousness together with happiness and one- pointedness.

5. 5th jhāna = wholesome consciousness together with equanimity and one- pointedness.





6 Deva realms

1 Human realm

1 Asura realm

1 Peta realm

1 Animal realm

1 Hell beings realm

FIRST ATTAINMENT OF JHĀNA

MAV Pr Ac Cn Ch Jh B B

Object: Pañibhàga

B

Key: Pr=preparation; Ac=access; Cn=conformity; Ch=change-of-lineage; Jh=Jhāna

5 Jhāna Factors

• Initial application of mind (Vitakka) - the directing and placing of the mind onto the object of the pañibhāga nimitta.

• Sustained application of mind (Vicāra) - the sustained keeping of the mind on the pañibhāga nimitta.

• Joy (Pīti) - interest, or liking for the pañibhāga nimitta.

• Happiness (Sukha) - Pleasant feeling or happiness associated with experiencing the pañibhāga nimitta.

• One-pointedness (Ekaggatā) - One-pointedness of mind or fixing the mind firmly on the pañibhāga nimitta.

5 Masteries of Jhāna• Mastery in adverting: being able to advert to the jhāna factors

after emerging from jhāna.

• Mastery in attaining: being able to enter jhāna whenever one wishes.

• Mastery in resolving: being able to stay in jhāna for as long as one has determined to stay.

• Mastery in emerging: being able to leave the jhāna at the time one determines to emerge.

• Mastery in reviewing: being able to review the jhāna factors from which one has just emerged.

5 fine-material sphere resultant consciousness

1. 1st jhāna = resultant consciousness together with initial application, sustained application, joy, happiness, and one- pointedness.

2. 2nd jhāna = resultant consciousness together with sustained application, joy, happiness, and one- pointedness.

3. 3rd jhāna = resultant consciousness together with joy, happiness, and one- pointedness.

4. 4th jhāna = resultant wholesome consciousness together with happiness and one- pointedness.

5. 5th jhāna = resultant consciousness together with equanimity and one- pointed ness.





6 Deva realms

1 Human realm

1 Asura realm

1 Peta realm

1 Animal realm

1 Hell beings realm

5 fine-material sphere functional consciousness

1. 1st jhāna = functional consciousness together with initial application, sustained application, joy, happiness, and one- pointedness.

2. 2nd jhāna = functional consciousness together with sustained application, joy, happiness, and one- pointedness.

3. 3rd jhāna = functional consciousness together with joy, happiness, and one- pointedness.

4. 4th jhāna = functional consciousness together with happiness and one- pointedness.

5. 5th jhāna = functional consciousness together with equanimity and one- pointedness.

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4 immaterial

sphere planes

4 Immaterial-sphere wholesome consciousness

1. Wholesome consciousness pertaining to the base of infinite space

2. Wholesome consciousness pertaining to the base of consciousness

3. Wholesome consciousness pertaining to the base of nothingness

4. Wholesome consciousness pertaining to the base of neither perception nor non-perception

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4 Immaterial sphere resultant consciousness

1. Resultant consciousness pertaining to the base of infinite space

2. Resulatnt consciousness pertaining to the base of consciousness

3. Resultant consciousness pertaining to the base of nothingness

4. Resultant consciousness pertaining to the base of neither perception nor non-perception

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4 Immaterial sphere functional consciousness

1. Functional consciousness pertaining to the base of infinite space

2. Functional consciousness pertaining to the base of consciousness

3. Functional consciousness pertaining to the base of nothingness

4. Functional consciousness pertaining to the base of neither perception nor non-perception

Supramundane consciousness• The noble consciousness that has gone beyond the 5

aggregates of clinging (i.e. beyond 31 planes of existence)

• Four wholesome paths– Stream entry– Once returning – Non –returning – Arahant

• Four resultant fruitions– Stream entry– Once returning– Non –returning – Arahant

Supramundane consciousness• The noble consciousness that has gone beyond the 5

aggregates of clinging (i.e. beyond 31 planes of existence)

• Four wholesome paths– Stream entry– Once returning – Non –returning – Arahant

• Four resultant fruitions– Stream entry– Once returning– Non –returning – Arahant

NIBBĀNANIBBĀNA

In Abhidhamma, Ultimate Truth (Reality) is In Abhidhamma, Ultimate Truth (Reality) is fourfold:fourfold:

1. Consciousness (citta)2. Mental Factors (cetasika) conditioned dhamma3. Matter (rpa)

4. Nibbāna unconditioned dhamma

NIBBĀNANIBBĀNA

Fourth Ultimate Truth

NIBBĀNA

(i) It is supramundane, that is, beyond the world of mind-and-matter or the five aggregates of clinging.

(ii) Nibbāna is the extinction of all greed, hatred, and delusion.

(iii) It is unconditioned dhamma (not conditioned by any cause)

(iv) Not subject to any becoming, change of state, and dissolution.

(v) It is permanent, happiness and non-self.(vi) It is the object of Paths and Fruitions Knowledge.

Sotāpana

FIRST ATTAINMENT OF PATH AND FRUITION

MAV Pr Ac Cn Ch Pa Fr Fr B……

Object: either impermanent,

suffering, or non-self nature of

formations

Object: NIBBâNA

1) preparation (parikamma), which prepares the mental continuum for the attainment of Path consciousness

1) access (upacāra), which arises in proximity to the attainment of Path consciousness

1) conformity (anuloma), which harmonizes the preceding moments with the subsequent attainment of the Path. After this, one’s consciousness no longer enters into or settles down on any field of formations

1) change-of-lineage (gotrabhu) arises, which takes as its object the signless, the non-occurrence, the cessation (Nibbāna) which passes out of the lineage of worldlings (puthujjana) and enters into the lineage of the Noble Ones (Ariya).

FIRST ATTAINMENT OF PATH AND FRUITION MAV Pr Ac Cn Ch Pa Fr Fr B……

PENETRATE INTO THE 4 NOBLE TRUTHS

1. Understand the Truth of Suffering

2. Abandon the Origin of the Truth of Suffering

3. Realizing the Cessation of Suffereing

4. Developing the Noble Eightfold Path

WHOLESOME CONSCIOUSNESS

Function – to eradicate defilements, such as the 3 fetters:

1. Personality view

2. Clinging to rites and rituals in the belief that they can lead to Nibbāna

3. Doubt about the Triple Gem

RESULTANT CONSCIOUSNESS

Function – to experience the liberation after eradiction of defilements:

The 5 Aggregates of Clinging = The Truth of Suffering

1. Aggregate of Materiality2. Aggregate of Feeling3. Aggregate of Perception4. Aggregate of Formation5. Aggregate of Consciousness

First Noble Truth should be fully known

Stream-entry path consciousness Stream-entry path consciousness permanently uproots three fetters:permanently uproots three fetters:

1. Personality View. He no longer considers the five aggregates as I, mine, or myself.

2. Attachment to Rites and Rituals. Such as the practice of imitating the behaviour of cows and dogs, various forms of torturing the body such as sleeping on thorns etc., thinking that the practice will purify the defilements and lead to escape from the rounds of rebirth.

3. Doubt. Doubt towards the Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Sangha (Triple Gem).

The benefits of attaining First Path and Fruition Knowledge (Sotāpana)

1. Closes the doors to the Four Woeful States.2. Shortens the suffering in the begin-less rounds

of rebirth.3. Assurance of seven rebirths before final

enlightenment.4. Possession of the Seven Noble Treasures.

1. Confidence2. Morality3. Shame of wrongdoing4. Fear of wrongdoing5. Learning 6. Generosity7. Insight Knowledge or wisdom

Sotāpana

ATTAINMENT OF FRUITION

MAV Pr Ac Cn Pu Fr Fr Fr B……

Object: either impermanent,

suffering, or non-self nature of

formations

Object: NIBBâNA

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Pu = purification

Intro to Abhidhamma

Spiritual

Transcript of Intro to Abhidhamma