SYSTEMS ANALYSIS ANDDESIGN

INTRODUCTION*

Systems Analysis and Design is the process people use to create (automated) information systemsSystemsAnalysis& DesignInformationSystem*

Information Systems Engineering!Software Engineering!Information Systems Development!Systems Engineering!Systems Analysis and Design!Other names...!Whichone?Is there an official name?*

A title given to a person who studies the problems and needs of an organization looking for improvement opportunities.Systems AnalystOther names: Software Engineer Systems Engineer Software Developer Programmer/Analyst Nerd or Hacker! (joking!)*

An ideaAnalysisDesign andImplementationCompletedInformationSystemSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN: A Condensed (Informal) PerspectiveTime*

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN: A Complete (Formal) Perspective

Systems PlanningSystems AnalysisSystems DesignSystems ImplementationSystems EvolutionPlanningEvolutionImplementationDesignAnalysis*

SystemNaturalFabricatedInformationSystemsOthersAutomatedInformationSystemsOthers*

Name & Address BookCD CollectionCourse RegistrationReservationsStudent GradesPayrollATM machine & Banking in GeneralCheck-Out Counters at Retail StoresOrder Fulfillment - Mail or Web OrderingManufacturingSecurities Portfolio ManagementSpace Shuttle FlightElection ResultsVideo Games (Arcade and Home)Business problems come in all sizes and shapes!Examples:*

SystemA SYSTEM is a set of: interrelated components working together for a common purpose*

A Generic System Model(with Six Components)Examples: Automobile Student Registration System Others...*

System Model HierarchyWater Vehicles

Cruise Ship

StateroomsSuprasystem

System

SubsystembiggersmallerTemplateExample*

An INFORMATION SYSTEM is: a type of fabricated system used by one or more persons to help them accomplish some task or assignment they havepeopleproceduresdataAn Information System: includes the 3 aspects of a system supports policies & procedures has three additional components - data, people, procedures - in addition to the six general system components*

An AUTOMATED INFORMATION SYSTEM IS: a type of fabricated system used by one or more persons to help them accomplish some task or assignment they have utilizes hardware and software in addition to data, people, procedures plus all the aspects of a systempeopleproceduresdatasoftwarehardware*

DATA - input, output, or already stored electronicallyFUNCTIONS - transformations or actions takenBEHAVIOR - the observable effects from interactionAn AUTOMATED INFORMATION SYSTEM has three basic characteristics to consider:(Plus the six system components: input, output, processing, control, feedback and boundary)*

Systems Analysis and Design is the process people use to create (automated) information systemspeopleproceduresdatasoftwarehardwareSA&D*

The people who do SYSTEMS ANALYSIS and DESIGN produce information systems that are: used internally within the organization sold commercially via mail/web order or retail storeimbedded in products*

Initially, problem domains (areas) tend to have poorly defined BOUNDARIESProblem domain SOLUTIONS are artificialProblem domains are DYNAMICProblem domain solutions usually require INTERDISCIPLINARY knowledge and skillsSystems Analysts KNOWLEDGEBASE is continually expandingSystems Analysis and Design is a highly COGNITIVE activityWorking with PEOPLEWhat makes Systems Analysis and Design a difficult activity?*

Systems Analysts interactions with people during Systems Analysis & DesignSYSTEMSANALYSTUsers*SteeringCommittee*VendorsProgrammers& Tech. StaffDatabaseAdministratorsManagers** = StakeholdersSystems Analystmay be acting asa Project Managerfor some of theseinteractions.*

Studies the problems and needs of an organization looking for improvement opportunities for: increasing revenue/profit decreasing costs improving quality of serviceWhat does a Systems Analyst do?*

Effective and efficient: CAPTURE of input data PROCESSING & STORAGE of data DELIVERY of timely and accurate informationWhat is a Systems Analyst responsible for?*

Skills and Competencies of a Systems AnalystFunctional Business KnowledgeVerbal & written communication skillsSystems Analysis and Design work experiencePLUS:*

Requirements Specification(3)General Model of Information Systems Development (Partnership)StakeholderInformationTechnologyStaffAnalysisDesignandImplementationRequirements(1)ContinuedInvolvement(5)InformationSystem (6)ProblemDefinitionSkills (2)ProblemSolutionSkills (4)*

Systems Analysis and Design Activities and DeliverablesANALYSISActivities: Systems Planning Feasibility Study (optional) Requirements Determination Conceptual Design User Acceptance Prototyping (optional)Deliverables: Requirements Specification Prototype (optional)DESIGNActivities:Deliverable: Physical Design Prototyping (optional) Software Construction/Purchase User Documentation - Deliverable Testing Training User Acceptance Conversion Implementing the system Information System*

Labor intensiveSmallest team = youNext smallest team = you and one other (user)Average team = several systems analysts and usersArticulation of the business problem is difficultUsers and systems analysts come in all sizes and shapesSystems Analysis and Design Project Observations*

Problems - something needs to be fixedOpportunities - good dealsDirectives - do itor elseWhere Do Systems Analysis and Design Projects Come From?... and are bounded by Constraints*

PlanningFeasibility Study (optional)Requirements DeterminationConceptual DesignPhysical Design Construction and/or Purchase (prototype)TrainingConversion - old to newImplementationEvolution - maintenance & enhancementsSYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC)AnalysisDesign andImplementation*

Sequential or Traditional SDLC1. Planning for an information system2. Feasibility Study (optional)3. Requirements Determination (gathering)4. Conceptual design5. Physical design and/or purchase and/or prototyping6. Conversion from current system to new/changed system7. Training8. Implementation9. Evolution for enhancements and maintenanceWaterfall or Staircase SDLCPlanningFeasibility StudyRequirements DeterminationConceptual DesignPhysical DesignConversionTrainingImplementationEvolutionBegin

EndBegin

End*

PlanningFeasibility StudyRequirements DeterminationConceptual DesignPhysical DesignConversionTrainingImplementationEvolutionIterative SDLCRisk AnalysisSpiral SDLCSDLC ActivitiesVerification/Test*

*Boehm, 1988

The system is for the userA Work Breakdown Structure should be used (ie., SDLC)Systems analysis and design is iterative and overlappingInformation systems are capital investments for the businessProject manager may have the authority to cancel a projectProject documentation is important all along the waySenior management approval/support is very importantPrinciples to Guide Systems Analysis & Design*

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