Intro- Mid Sem

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Industrial Engineering

Sanjib Jaypuria

SME,KIIT University, Bhubaneswar

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Before Industrial Engineering

Engineering history lies back to the beginning ofcivilization.

Until the end of 17hundreds, production meant

crafts (A craftsman used to treat material andassemble the pieces)

Until then a single person used to

Plan

Select and supply material Produce and control


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Industrial Revolution

In 1776, James Watt invented the steam engine.

(Turning steam power into mechanical power)

This is the beginning of industrial revolution. Since then, first factories started to be established in

USA and UK (United Kingdom)

Earlier factories were textile and metal working plants.


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What is Industrial Engineering?

Electrical Engineering to engineer an electricalproduct or system.

Computer Engineering to engineer a computer or

a system of networked computers. Industrial Engineering?

To engineer an industry?? No.

To engineer an industrial product or system (efficiently

and effectively): for manufactured goods or services,originally

To engineer a product or system for industry, the military,government, education, etc.

Efficiency and Quality Engineering!!


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1.1 Definition

Fierce Competition in Economy.

Customers demands are rising.

Challenge for industries to produce goods ofright

quantity, quality , in time and at minimum cost.

Industrial Engineering plays a pivotal role inmeeting these challenges.

We have various techniques in IndustrialEngineering to analyse and improve the workmethods, to eliminate waste, proper allocationand utilization of resources.

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1.1 Definition

American Institute of Industrial Engineers (AIIE)defines Industrial Engineering as follows;

Industrial Engineering is concerned with thedesign, improvement and installation ofintegrated system ofmen, materials and machine.It draws upon specialized knowledge and skills inthe mathematical, physical sciences together with

the principles and methods ofengineeringanalysis and design to specify, predict andevaluate the results to be obtained from suchsystem.

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1.1 Definition

The prime objective of industrial engineering

is;

1- To increase the productivity.

2- Eliminating waste and non-value added

activities.

3- Improving the effective utilization ofresources.

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Significant Events in IE


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1.2 History & Development

It is linked with industrial revolution and passed through manyphases to reach present advanced stage.

Frederick Taylor is named as father of scientific managementand industrial engineering.

But before Frederick Taylor, Adam Smith gave concept ofDivision of Labour through his book The Wealth of Nations.

Also James Watt, Boultin Mathew and Robinson obtained aplace in the history of Industrial Engineering because of theirwork related with improvements in the performance ofmachines and industries.

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1.2 History & Development

Period between 1882-1912 was the critical period inthe history of Industrial Engineering. Importantworks during this period are;

Factory system, Owner, Engineer and Managerconcept.

Equal work, equal pay and incentives.

Scheduling and Gantt Charts.

Engineers interest in cost control and accounting.

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1.3 Contributions to Industrial Engineering

1. Adam Smith (1776): through his book titled Wealth ofNations laid foundation to scientific manufacturing.Through his concept of division of labour which includedthe skill development, time savings and the use of

specialized machine was able to influence.2. James Watt (1864): Steam Engine advanced the use of

mechanical power to increase productivity.

3. Charles Babbage worked on the same line as Adam Smith.

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4- Frederick Taylor (1859-1915): was a mechanical engineer andinitiated investigations of better work methods and developan integrated theory of management principles andmethodologies. He proposed following actions;

Data Collection and standards for workers.

Scientifically training of workers.

Cooperation between management and labour for betterproduction.

Divide work between management and labour and assigningto those who are best suited.

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5- Henry L. Gantt (1993): His contributions are;

Work in the area of motivation field, development of task andbonus plan.

Measurement of management results by Gantt Charts.

Recognition of social responsibility of business and industry. Advocated training of workers by management.

6- Frank and Lillian Gilbreth (1917): developed method study asa tool for work analysis.

He developed micro-motion study, a breakdown of work into

fundamental elements called therbligs.

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7- Harrington Emerson(1913): Developed his managerialconcepts simultaneously with Taylor, Gantt and Gilbreth.

Amongst his contributions is the Emersons Efficiency BonusPlan, an incentive plan which guarantees the base day rate

and pays a graduated bonus. He also proposed twelve principles of efficiency.

8- L.H.C Tippet (1937): Developed the concept of work samplingto determine the equipment and manpower utilization andsetting performance standards for long cycle, heterogeneousjobs involving team work.

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Significant Events in IE

Division of labor (Smith, 1776)

Standardized parts (Whitney, 1800)

Scientific management (Taylor, 1881)

Coordinated assembly line (Ford 1913)

Gantt charts (Gantt, 1916)

Motion study (the Gilbreths, 1922) Quality control (Shewhart, 1924)


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Significant Events - Continued

CPM/PERT (Dupont, 1957)

MRP (Orlicky, 1960)

CAD Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS)

Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM)


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1.4 Activities of Industrial Engineering

The primary activities as spelled out by AIIEare;

Selection of processes and assembling method.

Design of facilities include plant location, lay out of building, machines and

equipment, material handling system, raw material and finished goodsstorage system.

Design and improvement of planning and control system for production,inventory, quality and plant maintainance and distribution system.

Developing a cost control system.(budgetary control, cost analysis and

standard costing) Developing time standards, costing and performance standandard.

Installation of wage incentive scheme.

Value engineering and analysis

Operation research include mathematical and statistical analysis.

Performance evalution, supplier selection, project feasibility studies. 17


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1.5 Industrial Engineering Approach

In carrying out various activities, the industrialengineer;

Gathers and analyses facts.

Prepares the alternative solutions taking in toconsideration all the constraints both internaland external.

Selects the best solution for implementation.

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1.5 Industrial Engineering Approach

At problem identification/definition stage following stepsmust be taken;

1- All the facts about the operation are collected and recordedusing various recording techniques like charts, diagrams or

models.2- Critical Examination of all facts by asking series of questions.

3- Alternative ways are found by techniques like brainstorming.

4- based upon the criteria fixed for evaluation, the best

alternative is selected.

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1.6 Objectives of Industrial Engineering

The basic objectives of Industrial Engineering

departments are;

1- To establish methods for improving the

operations and controlling the production

costs.

2- To develop programmes for reducing these

costs.

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1.7 Functions of An Industrial Engineer

1) Developing the simplest method ( Standard Method).

2) Establishing the performance standard (standard time).

3) To develop a sound wage and incentive scheme.

4) Sound inventory control, determination of economic lot size.

5) Development of cost reduction and cost control programme.6) Standard training programme for various level of organisation.

7) Site selection and plant layout.

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1.8 Techniques of Industrial Engineering

Following tools and techniques are used to improve productivity ofthe organization by optimum utilization of resources.

1- Method Study.

2- Time Study (Work Measurement).

3- Motion Economy.4- Financial and Non Financial Incentives.

5- Value Analysis.

6- Production, Planning and Control.

7- Inventory Control.

8- Job Evaluation.9- Material Handling Analysis.

10-Ergonomics (Human Engineering).

11- System Analysis.

12- Operations Research Techniques.

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1.9 Place of Industrial Engineering in

Organization

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1.10 Industrial Engineering in Service

Sector

Large number of industrial engineers are indemand and attracted to careers in exciting,challenging and rewarding new fields.

The various service industries are;1- Health Service.

2- Government Organizations.

3- Banking.

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Manufacturing

Computers

Semiconductors

Biomedical Device

Consulting Hospitals

Restaurant chains

Hotel chains

Airlines and airports

Government agencies Armed forces

Worldwide distribution and delivery companies

Entertainment companies and retail chains

through innovative applications in many

types of organizations:
http://www.fbi.gov/http://www.usmilitary.com/scripts/forms/coreg.htmlhttp://www.fbi.gov/http://welcome.hp.com/country/us/en/welcome.htmlhttp://www.appliedmaterials.com/index.htmlhttp://www.ups.com/content/us/en/index.jsxhttp://disneyland.disney.go.com/disneyland/en_US/home/home?name=HomePagehttp://www.intel.com/index.htm?iid=HPAGE+header_intellogo&


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Industrial Engineering

You are the customer, and the product too.

HAPPY NEW YEAR 2013

Intro- Mid Sem

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