02/03/98

The Contribution of the Generalised The Contribution of the Generalised Enterprise Reference Architecture Enterprise Reference Architecture

and Methodology GERAMand Methodology GERAMto Consensus in Enterprise to Consensus in Enterprise

IntegrationIntegration

P.Bernus, L.Nemes P.Bernus, L.Nemes and IFIP/IFAC Task Force and IFIP/IFAC Task Force

Aim

• Enterprise Integration (EI) as an interdisciplinary field of study, or discipline, collecting and organising knowledge necessary to better implement change processes in the enterprise

• Need to define commonly acceptable terms of the field

Is a generalisation of existing architectures and other necessary

elements…..

• The ‘offerings’ of EI related results can be characterised in this framwork

• Mapping of existing architectures, tools, languages,… to GERAM

• Shopping list (what capabilities are needed for an enterprise)

PEMsPartial Enterprise

Modelsprovide reusable reference

models of human roles,processes and technologies

EEMsEnterprise Engineering

Methodologiesdescribe process of

enterprise engineering

EMLsEnterprise Modelling Languagesprovide modelling constructs for

modelling of human role,processes and technologies

EETsEnterprise Engineering

Toolssupport enterprise engineering

GERA

EMsEnterprise Models

represent the particularenterprise operation

used to build

employsutilise

implemented in

EMOsEnterprise Modules

provideimplementablemodules of human

professions, operationalprocesses, technologies

Generic Enterprise ModellingConcepts

define the meaning ofenterprise modellingconstructs

support

EOSsEnterprise OperationalSystems

support the operation of theparticular enterprise

used to implement

GEMCs

Generalised EnterpriseReference Architectureidentifies concepts ofenterprise integration

GERAGERA

Generalised EnterpriseGeneralised EnterpriseReference ArchitectureReference Architectureidentifies concepts ofidentifies concepts ofenterprise integrationenterprise integration

Enterprise entities, life-cycles and histoEnterprise entities, life-cycles and histomodelling frameworkmodelling framework

Life-cycle of an enterprise entity

DesignPreliminary design

Detailed design

Identification

Concept

Requirements

Implementation

Operation

Decommission

GERAGERA

Relationship between life-cycles

designpreliminary desig

detailed design

identification

concept

requirements

implementation

operation

decommission

operation

entity A

entity B

{

GERAGERA

GERAGERA

DesignPreliminary design

Detailed design

Identification

Concept

Requirements

Implementation

Operation

Decommission

Life-cycle phases

Time

Redesign/continuous improvementproject

Enterprise Operation

Life histories

Enterprise EngineeringProjects

Decommissioningproject

GERAGERA

DesignPreliminary design

Detailed design

Identification

Concept

Requirements

Implementation

Operation

Decommission

Life-cycle phases

Time

Change processes are basedChange processes are basedon a relatively small set of on a relatively small set of functional functional capabilitiescapabilities that the that the enterprise must have.enterprise must have.

GERAGERAmodellingmodellingframeworkframework

Management- and control

Customer serviceSubdivision according to purpose of activity

}

HumanMachine Subdivision according

to means of implementation

}{{{

Life-cyclephases

Design

Preliminary design

Detailed design

Identification

Concept

Implementation

Operation

Decommission

Requirements

Views

Subdivisionaccording tomodelling views

ResourceOrganisation

InformationFunction

}

Instantiation

{{

GenericPartialParticular

{

Subdivision according to genericity}

HardwareSoftware Subdivision

according to physical manifestation

}

GERAGERAmodellingmodellingframeworkframework

Life-cyclephases

Views

Instantiation

Management policiesManagement policies

Machine tools, Machine tools, controllers etc.controllers etc.

Hw resource requiremenHw resource requiremenof operationof operation

Operational requirementsOperational requirementsOperational requirementsOperational requirements(business process model)(business process model)

Operational requirementsOperational requirements(information model)(information model)

Sw resource requiremenSw resource requiremenof operationof operationOrganisationalOrganisational

requirements requirementsof operationof operationManagement requirementsManagement requirements

Shop floor workersShop floor workersManagement personnelManagement personnelControl systems,Control systems,MIS database, DSS,..MIS database, DSS,..

Operational policiesOperational policies

MIS & ctrl software MIS & ctrl software (applications(applicationsand database and database development)development)

MIS & ctrl hardware MIS & ctrl hardware installation and testinginstallation and testing

Personnel training,Personnel training,hiringhiring

Development of personnelDevelopment of personnelinstructionsinstructions

Comissioning and Comissioning and deployment of deployment of production machineryproduction machinery

ProductionmachineryProductionmachineryconfigurationconfiguration

Examples for areasExamples for areasdescribed /modelleddescribed /modelled

EEMsEEMs

Enterprise EngineeringEnterprise EngineeringMethodologiesMethodologies

describe process ofdescribe process ofenterprise engineeringenterprise engineering

For each type of change activity they describe For each type of change activity they describe ways of progression, identify tasks and tools - need not beways of progression, identify tasks and tools - need not beintrusiveintrusive

EMLsEMLsEnterprise Modelling LanguagesEnterprise Modelling Languagesprovide modelling constructs forprovide modelling constructs for

modelling of human role,modelling of human role,processes and technologiesprocesses and technologies

All areas in the modelling framework needAll areas in the modelling framework needsuitable languages - some formal, some not...suitable languages - some formal, some not...

Generic Enterprise ModellingGeneric Enterprise ModellingConceptsConcepts

define the meaning ofdefine the meaning ofenterprise modellingenterprise modellingconstructsconstructs

GEMCsGEMCs

•• Glossary and Glossary and examples examples

•• MetaschemaMetaschema•• Ontological theoriesOntological theories

GEMCsGEMCsFor end usersFor end users

For tool developersFor tool developers

Life-cyclephases

Views

Instantiation

Generic enterprisemodelling conceptdefinitions (theconcepts of themodelling languages)

Generic enterprisemodelling conceptdefinitions (theconcepts of themodelling languages)

GEMCsGEMCs

EETsEETs

Enterprise EngineeringEnterprise EngineeringToolsTools

support enterprise engineeringsupport enterprise engineering

Software tools allowing model construction, Software tools allowing model construction, management, analysis, decision making in enterprise designmanagement, analysis, decision making in enterprise design

EMsEMs

Enterprise ModelsEnterprise Modelsrepresent the particularrepresent the particular

enterpriseenterprise

… all those models and descriptions that document the … all those models and descriptions that document the particular enterprise and is needed in the design orparticular enterprise and is needed in the design orimplementationimplementation

Life-cyclephases

Views

Instantiation

(particular)EnterpriseModels

(particular)EnterpriseModels

EMsEMs

High quality tested models used forHigh quality tested models used for‘drag and drop’ enterprise modelling - quickly ‘drag and drop’ enterprise modelling - quickly and cost effectivelyand cost effectively

PEMsPEMs

Partial Enterprise ModelsPartial Enterprise Models

provide reusable referenceprovide reusable referencemodels of human roles,models of human roles,

processes and technologiesprocesses and technologies

Life-cyclephases

Views

Instantiation

Partial enterprisemodels (reusable trusted components)

Partial enterprisemodels (reusable trusted components)

PEMsPEMs

• Typical models (e.g. earlier cases) that can be modified, adapted

• Abstract (fill in the detail)

• May be available on various levels of detail

• Building blocks (tested components)

PEMsPEMs

Forms of ‘partial’ models Forms of ‘partial’ models or ‘Reference Models’or ‘Reference Models’

EMOsEMOsEnterprise ModulesEnterprise Modules

ImplementableImplementable modules or modules or products (sw and hw); human products (sw and hw); human

professions, operational professions, operational processes, technologiesprocesses, technologies

Major functional components of the enterprise can only beMajor functional components of the enterprise can only beplanned for implementation if they are embodied inplanned for implementation if they are embodied inproductsproducts available on the market. This includes available available on the market. This includes availablehuman resource on the job market, machinery, IT products,human resource on the job market, machinery, IT products,services.services.

ConclusionConclusion

• GERAM is a shopping list for enterprises defining the capabilities needed for change

• GERAM allows the end user to select from existing components; e.g. combine the modelling capabilities of CIMOSA and associated tools with the Purdue guide for master planning - extended with change initiation methodology of Griffith / CSIRO, and reusing organisational blueprints from MIT and decision system analysis techniques of GRAI.