Intro Art Lift Final
-
Upload
deepak-rana -
Category
Documents
-
view
223 -
download
3
description
Transcript of Intro Art Lift Final
![Page 1: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction Introduction to to
Artificial LiftArtificial Liftbyby
V S Chimmalgi
![Page 2: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction ……Introduction ……
• Multiphase Flow, Multiphase Flow,
• IPR and out flow performanceIPR and out flow performance
• Introduction to Artificial Lift, Introduction to Artificial Lift,
• Selection criteria for different modes of Lift,Selection criteria for different modes of Lift,
![Page 3: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• SINGLE PHASE FLOWSINGLE PHASE FLOW
Refers to one fluid medium onlyRefers to one fluid medium only
• MULTIPHASE FLOWMULTIPHASE FLOW
Refers to more than one fluid medium , for example Refers to more than one fluid medium , for example
Oil , Water and Gas.Oil , Water and Gas.
SINGLE & MULTIPHASE FLOW
![Page 4: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
MULTIPHASE FLOW
VERT ICAL
FLOWFLOW
ChokeHORIZONTAL FLOW
STOCKTANK
SEPARATOR
GAS
Flow through Porous Medium Inflow Performance
INCLINED FLOW
LIQUIDLIQUID
![Page 5: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
MULTIPHASE FLOW
MULTIPHASE FLOWMULTIPHASE FLOW
HORIZONTAL FLOWHORIZONTAL FLOWVERTICAL / VERTICAL / INCLINED FLOWINCLINED FLOW
STRATIFIEDSTRATIFIED INTERMITTENTINTERMITTENT ANNULARANNULAR DISPERSED BUBBLEDISPERSED BUBBLE
SMOOTHSMOOTH WAVYWAVY SLUGSLUG ELONGATED BUBBLEELONGATED BUBBLE
BUBBLEBUBBLE SLUGSLUG CHURNCHURN ANNULARANNULAR
![Page 6: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
STRATIFIED SMOOTH FLOWSTRATIFIED SMOOTH FLOW(LOW GAS & LIQUID RATES - PHASES SEPARATED BY GRAVITY)
STRATIFIED WAVY FLOWSTRATIFIED WAVY FLOW(SAME AS ABOVE WITH RELATIVELY HIGH GAS FLOW RATE)
MULTIPHASE FLOWHORIZONTAL FLOWHORIZONTAL FLOW
Gas
Gas
![Page 7: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
ELONGATED BUBBLE FLOWELONGATED BUBBLE FLOW ( EARLIER THAN SLUG FLOW, WHEN GAS RATES ARE LOWER)
INTERMITTENT SLUG FLOWINTERMITTENT SLUG FLOW(INTERMITTENT FLOW OF LIQUID AND GAS - GAS POCKETS DEVELOPES)
MULTIPHASE FLOW
HORIZONTAL FLOWHORIZONTAL FLOW
Gas
![Page 8: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ANNULAR FLOWANNULAR FLOW
GAS OCCUPIES CENTRAL PORTION LIKE A CYLINDER AND LIQUID REMAINS NEAR
THE PIPEWALL; CENTRAL PORTION ENTRAINS LIQUID DROPLETS. OCCURS AT VERY HIGH GAS FLOW RATE.
MULTIPHASE FLOWHORIZONTAL FLOWHORIZONTAL FLOW
![Page 9: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
DISPERSED BUBBLE FLOWDISPERSED BUBBLE FLOW
AT VERY HIGH LIQUID FLOW RATE, LIQUID PHASE IS CONTINUOUS & GAS PHASE IS
DISPERSED ALL AROUND LIQUID IN THE FORM OF DISCRETE BUBBLES.
MULTIPHASE FLOWHORIZONTAL FLOWHORIZONTAL FLOW
![Page 10: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
BUBBLE BUBBLE
FLOWFLOW
MULTIPHASE FLOWVERTICAL / INCLINED FLOWVERTICAL / INCLINED FLOW
OCCURS AT RELATIVELYLOW LIQUID RATES. Gas bubbles
![Page 11: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
SLUG FLOWSLUG FLOW
MULTIPHASE FLOWVERTICAL / INCLINED FLOWVERTICAL / INCLINED FLOW
Symmetric about the pipe axis.
Gas phase -like a large bullet shaped gas pocket with a diameter almost equal to pipe diameter.
Gas pocket is termed as “Taylor Bubble”.
Gas
![Page 12: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
CHURN FLOWCHURN FLOW
MULTIPHASE FLOWVERTICAL / INCLINED FLOWVERTICAL / INCLINED FLOW
Similar to slug flow, though it is chaotic with no clear boundaries between the two phases.
Flow pattern is characterised by oscillatory motion.
Occurs at high flow rates; liquid slugs become frothy.
![Page 13: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
ANNULAR FLOWANNULAR FLOW
MULTIPHASE FLOWVERTICAL / INCLINED FLOWVERTICAL / INCLINED FLOW
Liquid film thickness is almost uniform around pipe wall.
Characterised by a fast moving gas core. Occurs at very high GLR
Liquid film is highly wavy due to high interfacial shress.
![Page 14: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
HORIZONTAL MULTIPHASE FLOW
Effect of variablesEffect of variables• Line SizeLine Size• Flow RateFlow Rate• Gas-Liquid RatiosGas-Liquid Ratios• WaterCutWaterCut• ViscosityViscosity• SlippageSlippage• Kinetic energy termKinetic energy term
![Page 15: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Effect of Variables - IEffect of Variables - I
Pipe Diameter – Pressure loss (dP) decreases
rapidly with increase in Pipe Diameter.
Flow Rate – Higher flow rate increases dP
GLR – Increased GLR increases friction,
hence more dP, unlike to vertical flow.
HORIZONTAL MULTIPHASE FLOW
![Page 16: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Effect of Variables - IIEffect of Variables - II Viscosity – Viscous crude offers more
problem in horizontal flow mode. Water Cut – Its effect is not pronounced. Slippage – Its effect is not pronounced. Kinetic Energy – For High flow rates & low
density it is considered for computation.
HORIZONTAL MULTIPHASE FLOW
![Page 17: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
VERTICAL / INCLINED MULTIPHASE FLOW
Effect of variablesEffect of variables• Tubing SizeTubing Size• Flow Rate, DensityFlow Rate, Density• Gas-Liquid RatioGas-Liquid Ratio• Water CutWater Cut• ViscosityViscosity• Slippage ,Kinetic Energy termSlippage ,Kinetic Energy term• Inclination Angle Inclination Angle
![Page 18: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Effect of Variables - IEffect of Variables - I Tubing Size – It has pronounced effect in
deciding FBHP requirement.. Flow Rate – It establishes the required FBHP,
which influences tubing size selection. GLR – Increase GLR reduces FBHP requi-
rement, after a point reversal takes place.
VERTICAL / INCLINED MULTIPHASE FLOW
![Page 19: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Effect of Variables - IIEffect of Variables - II Density – Higher density increases dP. Viscosity – Higher viscosity increases dP. Water Cut – Higher watercut increases dP. Slippage – It is observed during unstable flow region. Kinetic Energy – For High velocity & low density it is
considered for computation.
VERTICAL / INCLINED MULTIPHASE FLOW
![Page 20: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
MULTIPHASE FLOW
FLOW CORRELATIONS
HORIZONTAL FLOW
VERTICAL FLOW
INCLINED FLOW
![Page 21: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
VARIOUS ASSUMPSIONS TAKEN FOR VARIOUS ASSUMPSIONS TAKEN FOR DIFFERENT CORRELATIONS DIFFERENT CORRELATIONS : :
Fluid must be free from emulsion.
Fluid must be free from scale / paraffin build up.
Mashed or kinked joints should not exist.
Flow patterns should be relatively stable.
No severe slugging should occur.
Oil should not be very viscous.
MULTIPHASE FLOW
![Page 22: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
HORIZONTAL MULTIPHASE FLOW
CORRELATIONS FOR
HORIZONTAL MULTIPHASE FLOW
Lockhart and Martinelli Baker
Andrews et al. Dukler et al.
Eaton et al. Beggs and Brill
![Page 23: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
MULTIPHASE FLOW
VERTICAL FLOWVERTICAL FLOWCORRELATIONSCORRELATIONS
Duns & RosDuns & Ros
OrkiszewskiOrkiszewski
Hagedorn BrownHagedorn Brown
Winkler Winkler &&SmithSmith
Beggs &Beggs &BrillBrill
Govier &Govier &AzizAziz
![Page 24: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
MULTIPHASE FLOW
INCLINED FLOWINCLINED FLOW CORRELATIONSCORRELATIONS
FLANIGANFLANIGAN CORRELATIONCORRELATION
BEGGS & BRILLBEGGS & BRILLCORRELATIONCORRELATION
![Page 25: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
INFLOW & OUTFLOW
![Page 26: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
INFLOW PERFORMANCE..
CONCEPT OF PRODUCTIVITY INDEXP.I = Q / ( Pr - Pwf )
Where ,
P.I = Productivity index.
Q = Total quantity of fluid.
Pr = Reservoir Pressure.
Pwf = Flowing bottom hole pressure.
Q Pr - Pwf
Q = K (Pr - Pwf) K = Q / (Pr - Pwf)Where K is a constant, known as PI
PwfPwf PrPr
Pwf = PrPwf = Pr
PwfPwf
Pwf = 0Pwf = 0QQ QmaxQmax
![Page 27: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
INFLOW PERFORMANCE
INFLOW PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP
FIG.1 : Actual Case For P I
Pwf
q
It is basically a straight line or curve drawn in the two dimentional plane,where X axis is q ( Flow Rate ) and Y axis is Pwf ( Flowing Bottom Hole Pressure ).
![Page 28: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
INFLOW PERFORMANCE INFLOW PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP :
Q max for Straight P.I. >> Q max for IPR
Pwf
q
It is basically a straight line or curve drawn in the two dimentional plane,where X axis is q ( Flow Rate ) and Y axis is Pwf ( Flowing Bottom Hole Pressure ).
STRAIGHT P.I. AND IPR
STRAIGHT P.I..
Q maxQ max
IPR
Pwf = Pr
Absolute open hole potential ( AOFP)Absolute open hole potential ( AOFP)
![Page 29: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
INFLOW PERFORMANCE IPR IN DIFFERENT CASES:
PRESS.
PI
GOR
CUMM. PROD.
P I
Typical Performance For A Water Drive Field
GOR
PRESSURE
* Active Water Drive : 1. Strongest drive ( Helps to exploit more than 35% of Initial oil in place ) . 2. However intensity differs in different water drive reservoirs. For e.g. Edge water drive is weaker than Bottom water drive.
![Page 30: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
INFLOW PERFORMANCE * Solution Gas Drive :
CUMM. PROD.Typical Performance For A Solution Gas Drive Field.
RESV.PRESS
GOR
PI
PI
GOR
RESV.PRESS.
1. Called as ‘Internal Gas Drive’ or ‘Depletion Drive’. 2. Least Effective Drive Mechanism (Exploits about 15% of Initial oil in place). 3. Reservoir Pressure influences the pattern of IPR. PI declines sharply.
![Page 31: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
INFLOW PERFORMANCE * Gas Cap Expansion drive :
1. Also called as Segregation Drive.2. IPR curve is somewhere in between the Solution Gas Drive & Water Drive. It is more effective than solution gas drive reservoir. (Exploits about 20-25% of Initial oil in place.
Typical Performance For A Gas cap Expansion Drive Reservoir.
CUMM. PROD.
RESV.PRESS.
GOR
PIGOR
P.I
RESV.PRESS.
![Page 32: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
INFLOW PERFORMANCE * IPR-When Pr > Bubble Point Pressure :
Combination Constant PI and Vogel Behaviour
RATE.
PRESS .
0000
PPwfwf
PPbb
qqQQmaxmaxqqbb
VOGELBEHAVIOR
CONSTANT PI
PPrr
qqvv
![Page 33: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
INFLOW PERFORMANCE * Change Of PI With Cumm. Recovery ( % Of Oil
In Place ) With Time :
IPRs for a Solution Gas Drive Reservoir with declining Reservoir pressure
PRODUCING RATE , M3/D
BOTTOM HOLE PRESS -Kg/Cm2
Np/N = 0.1%2 %
4 %6 %8 %
10 %12 %
14 %
CUMM. REC., % OF ORIGINAL OIL IN PLACE
![Page 34: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
INFLOW PERFORMANCE Damaged / stimulated well bore….
F.E = Ideal drawdown / Actual drawdown
=(Pr - P'wf) / (Pr - Pwf) ---(1) Where,
P'wf = Pwf + (DP)skin
(DP)skin defined by Van Everdingen is as below :
(DP)skin = S q / 2 kh
Contd.-----
PrPwf
(DP) Skin
So, P’wf = Pwf + (DP) Skin
![Page 35: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
INFLOW PERFORMANCE STANDING’S EXTENSION OF VOGEL’S IPR
FOR DAMAGED OR IMPROVED WELL :Where ,
h = Pay thickness q = Flow rate = Viscosity k = Permeability S = Skin factor S = ( + ) indicates damage
S = ( 0 ) indicates no damage/ no improvement S = ( -) indicates improvement Contd.---------
![Page 36: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Outflow or Tubing Intake Curve (TIC).Outflow or Tubing Intake Curve (TIC).
![Page 37: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Outflow or Outflow or
Tubing Intake Tubing Intake
Curve (TIC).Curve (TIC).
![Page 38: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Liquid RateLiquid Rate
PP
Operating PointOperating Point
IPRIPR
TICTIC
PwfPwf
QLQL
PrPr
QL maxQL max00
Outflow or Tubing Intake Curve (TIC) Outflow or Tubing Intake Curve (TIC)
Vs. IPR, or Inflow.Vs. IPR, or Inflow.
Keeping GLR & THP constantKeeping GLR & THP constant
![Page 39: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Liquid RateLiquid Rate
PPDecreasing GLRDecreasing GLR
Inflow Vs Outflow CurvesInflow Vs Outflow Curves
IPRIPR
00
Keeping THP ConstantKeeping THP Constant
![Page 40: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
INTRODUCTION ON ARTIFICIAL LIFT
DEFINITION OF ARTIFICIAL LIFT
When a self flowing oil well ceases to
flow or is not able to deliver the required
quantity to the surface , the additional
energy is supplemented from surface either
by mechanical means or by injecting
compressed gas or high pressure oil/water .
![Page 41: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
INTRODUCTION ON ARTIFICIAL LIFT
PURPOSE OF ARTIFICIAL LIFT :
PfPf PsPs
To create a steady low pressure or reduced pressure in the well bore against the formation to allow the well fluid to flow into the wellbore by lifting the well fluids from well bottom to the surface
![Page 42: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
MODES OF ARTIFICIAL LIFTMODES OF ARTIFICIAL LIFT
BY COMPRESSED GAS
BY MECHANICAL
MEANS
![Page 43: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Use of High Pressure GasUse of High Pressure Gas Lightens the Liquid Column and helps in lifting the fluid to the surface
Formation Pressure pushes fluid into the well bore
![Page 44: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Regular And Single Point Gas liftREFULAR GAS LIFT SINGLE POINT GAS LIFT
PERFORATIONS
PACKER
OPERATING GLVSINGLE POINTPERFORATION
UNLOADING GASLIFT VALVES
PRODN CASING
TUBINGLift Gas Lift Gas
![Page 45: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Components of Gas Lift Components of Gas Lift SystemSystem
• High Pressure gas Source (Compressor/HP Gas Well)
•Lift gas Injection line
•Lift gas Metering and Control units
•Gas lift valves
•Gas lift Mandrels
•LP gas compressors
![Page 46: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
TYPICAL GAS LIFT NETWORK
DistributionHeader
Well Well Well Well
HP Comp GLC
Group Header
Sepa
rato
r
Booster Comp.
Oil + water
![Page 47: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
COMPRESSED GASCOMPRESSED GAS(Different Modes)(Different Modes)
1) CONTINUOUS GAS LIFT
2) INTERMITTENT GAS LIFT
3) PLUNGER ASSISTED GAS LIFT
4) CHAMBER LIFT
5) MACARONI CARRIED GAS LIFT
![Page 48: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
COMPRESSED COMPRESSED GASGAS
CONTINUOUS GAS LIFT..
HP gas
![Page 49: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
COMPRESSED COMPRESSED GASGAS
Intermittent Gas Lift…
![Page 50: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Plunger Assisted gas lift
An improvement over intermittent lift.A injection gas lifts the plunger inside the tubing which
moves up the tubing lifting the fluid voer the plungerThis is also used for in gas well unloading
COMPRESSED GASCOMPRESSED GAS
![Page 51: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
COMPRESSED GASCOMPRESSED GAS(Different Completions)(Different Completions)
1) CLOSED
Packer completion and NRV (Standing valve ) at Tubing shoe
2) SEMI CLOSDOnly Packer Completion
3) OPENNone of the above
4) WIRE LINE RETRIEVABLE ( Side Pocket Mandrel)
5) TUBING RETRIEVABLE ( Conventional Mandrel)
![Page 52: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
COMPRESSED COMPRESSED GASGAS
Different Different Completions….Completions….
![Page 53: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
COMPRESSED GASCOMPRESSED GAS(Different Types of Valves)(Different Types of Valves)
1) CASING PRESSURE OPERATED
2) TUBING PRESSURE OPERATED
![Page 54: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Produced HydrocarbonsOut
InjectionGas In
Side PocketMandrel withGas Lift Valve
CompletionFluid
Side PocketMandrel withGas Lift Valve
Single ProductionPacker
Side PocketMandrel withGas Lift Valve
GAS LIFT WELL WITH WIRE LINE RETRIEVABLE VALVE
![Page 57: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Gas-lift valve in operationWIRELINE RETRIEVABLE TYPE
![Page 58: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Macaroni Dip String Chamber Lift
Regular Lift Chamber lift
Tubing7”dia casing
Gas lift valves Working, intermittently
Chamber gas lift valve
Landing nipple
Dip tube macaroni
![Page 59: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
MACARONI DIP STRING CHAMBER LIFT
Suitable for wells with poor influx and very low bottom hole pressure.
In this a chamber in the casing is created by using packer and the tubing is completed with a macaroni inside the last tubing which dips into the chamber. The tubing provided with conventional GLV’s for unloading and the operating valve is provided below the tubing packer holding the Macaroni.
![Page 60: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
MACARONI DIP STRING CHAMBER LIFT (Contd.)
Lift gas enters into the chamber through operating valve and the oil collected in the chamber is lifted through the macaroni into the tubing.
This arrangement gives optimum production than simple intermittent lift.
![Page 61: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Macaroni with GLV’sGas injection
Lifted oil
2 7/8” tubingMacaroni
GLVGas
Mandrel
Check valve
Casing
![Page 62: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Macaroni gas lift.with GLV’s inside Macaroni.
This is an ingenious improvement over the macaroni method of Gas lifting. In this mandrels for fitting Gas lift valves are designed so as to install GLV’s inside the Macaroni . Thus the Macaroni acts as annulus for carrying gas to GLVs. This is the first time ever tried in ONGC and elsewhere.
With this design we can lift liquid from deeper depths compared to the normal Macaroni design and we can get optimized flow from wells with damaged casing.
This can also be used for completion of dual wells.
![Page 63: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
GASLIFTADVANTAGES
1. EXCELLENT APPLICATION FOR OFFSHORE
2. VERY GOOD FOR WATER DRIVE, HIGH PI & HIGH GLR FIELDS /WELLS
3. HIGH VOLUME LIFT & FLEXIBLE IN CAPACITY
4. EASILY HANDLES SANDS AND SOLIDS
5. MINOR PROBLEM IN DEVIATED WELLS
![Page 64: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
GASLIFTADVANTAGES (contd..)
6. EASY TO RECORD D/H PRESSURE & TEMP.
7. CENTRALLY GL SYSTEM CAN BE ADOPTED
8. SUB-SURFACE EQUIPMENT ARE RELATIVELY INEXPENSIVE.
9. IT HAS LOW PROFILE, HENCE IT HAS ADVANTAGE IN URBAN AND OFFSHORE AREAS
![Page 65: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
GASLIFTADVANTAGES (contd..)
10.SUB-SURFACE EQUIPMENT CAN BE ECONOMICALLY SERVICABLE WITH
WIRELINE UNIT.
![Page 66: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
GASLIFTDISADVANTAGES
1. SENSITIVE TO BACK PRESSURE, WHICH RESTRICT PRODUCTION
2. HIGH ENERGY OPERATING COST
3. LARGE CAPEX & OPEX – COMPRESSOR & HIGH PRESSURE GAS INJECTION LINES
4. INSTALLATION OF COMPRESSOR PRESENTS SPACE & WEIGHT PROBLEMS IN OFFSHORE
![Page 67: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
GASLIFTDISADVANTAGES (contd..)
5. ADEQUATE GAS SUPPLY IS NEEDED
6. DIFFICULT TO LIFT EMULSIONS &VISCOUS CRUDES
7. GAS FREEZING & HYDRATE PROBLEMS MAY OCCUR ON SURFACE INJECTION LINES
8. CASING MUST WITHSTAND HIGH GAS INJECTION PRESSURE
![Page 68: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
GASLIFTDISADVANTAGES (contd..)
9. SAFETY PROBLEMS WITH HIGH PRESSURE INJECTION GAS
10. INTERMITTENT G/L IS INEFFICIENT
11. DEPTH LIMITATIONS
![Page 69: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
MECHANICAL MEANSMECHANICAL MEANS(Different Types)(Different Types)
1) SUCKER ROD PUMP (SRP)
2) ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLEPUMP (ESP)
3) PROGRESSIVE CAVITY PUMP (PCP)
4) JET PUMP
![Page 70: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
![Page 71: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
SUCKER ROD PUMPING SYSTEM
20
![Page 72: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
![Page 73: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
SUCKER ROD PUMPINGADVANTAGES
1. RELATIVELY SIMPLE SYSTEM TO DESIGN
2. EASY FOR FIELD PEOPLE TO UNDERSTAND & OPERATE
3. IT CAN PUMP OFF A WELL TO ALMOST ZERO FLOWING BOTTOM HOLE PRESSURE
4. CAN LIFT VISCOUS CRUDE OILS
5. GOOD FOR LOW TO MEDIUM RATE WELLS
![Page 74: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
SUCKER ROD PUMPINGDISADVANTAGES
1. CROOKED HOLES LEADS TO EXCESSIVE ROD AND TUBING FRICTIONAL WEAR PROBLEM
2. SAND & SOLID CAN DAMAGE PUMP
3. GASSY WELLS IS USUALLY HAVING LOW VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY
4. DEPTH LIMITATION MAINLY DUE TO LIMITED ROD STRENGTH & EXCESSIVE STRETCH
![Page 75: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
SUCKER ROD PUMPINGDISADVANTAGES (contd..)
5. NOT SUITABLE IN DENSELY POPULATED CITY OR PLATFORM WITH LIMITED DECK AREA
6. PARAFFIN PRESENTS PROBLEM
![Page 76: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE PUMPING (ESP) SYSTEM
![Page 77: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
ESP
ADVANTAGES
1. VERY GOOD FOR EXTREMELY HIGH VOLUME LIFT
2. CAN BE EASILY ACCOMODATED IN URBAN AREA
3. SIMPLE TO OPERATE
4. APPLICATION IN BOTH ONSHORE & OFFSHORE
![Page 78: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
ESPDISADVANTAGES
1. CABLE CAUSES PROBLEM – CABLE DETERIORATE IN HIGH TEMPERATURE
2. DEPTH LIMITATION DUE TO CABLE COST AND OTHER PROBLEMS
3. GAS AND SOLID PRODUCTIONS ARE TROUBLE SOME
4. RELATIVELY LOW MTBR
![Page 79: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
ESPDISADVANTAGES (contd..)
5. PRODUCTION RATE FLEXIBILITY IS LIMITED
![Page 80: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
PROGRESSING CAVITY PUMP (PCP)
![Page 81: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
oRotorPitch
![Page 82: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
PROGRESSIVE CAVITY PUMPADVANTAGES
1. SUITABLE FOR HANDLING SOLID & VISCOUS FLUID
2. NO VALVE AT SUCTION OR DELIVERY END TO STICK, CLOG OR WEAR OUT
3. GOOD FOR LOW TO MODERATE PRODUCTION
4. PCP COUPLED WITH ELECTRIC SUBMERCIBLE MOTOR IS BETTER THAN SUCKER ROD DRIVEN PCP
![Page 83: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
PROGRESSIVE CAVITY PUMPDISADVANTAGES
1. IT DOES NOT TOLERATE HEAT – IT SOFTENS STATOR ELASTOMER
2. THOUGH GAS PRESENTS NO GAS LOCK PROBLEM BUT GAS MUST BE SEPARATED TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY OTHERWISE PUMP WILL GET OVERHEATED
3. DEPTH LIMITATIONS
![Page 84: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
![Page 85: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
![Page 86: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
![Page 87: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
HYDRAULIC JET PUMPADVANTAGES
1. CROOKED HOLE POSES NO PROBLEM
2. SAND & SOLID PRODUCTION PRESENT MINIMUM PROBLEM USING HARDENED NOZZLE AND THROAT
3. VISCOUS CRUDE CAN BE HANDLED EASILY
4. PISTON TYPE JET PUMP IS GOOD FOR VERY DEEP WELLS UP TO 17000 FT, JETPUMP UPTO 7000 FT
![Page 88: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
HYDRAULIC PUMPADVANTAGES (CONTD..)
5. PRODUCTION CAN BE VARIED TO A GREAT EXTENT BY CHANGING POWER FLUID RATE
6. FREE PUMP DESIGN IS AN ATTRACTIVE PROPOSITION
7. IT CAN BE ACCOMODATED IN URBAN LOCATIONS
8. IT CAN PUMP A WELL DOWN TO FAIRLY LOW BOTTOM HOLE PRESSURE
![Page 89: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
HYDRAULIC PUMPDISADVANTAGES
1. POWER FLUID CLEANING IS A PROBLEM
2. POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT TYPE HAS SHORTER LIFE THAN SRP & ESP
3. JETPUMP REQUIRES MINIMUM 500 PSI PRESSURE AT 5000 FT & 1000 PSI AT 10000 FT
4. USUALLY SUSEPTIBLE TO GAS INTERFERENCE
![Page 90: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
HYDRAULIC PUMPDISADVANTAGES (contd..)
5. NOT EASY FOR FIELD PERSONNEL TO TROUBLE SHOOT
6. SAFETY PROBLEM FOR HIGH PRESSURE POWER FLUID
7. JETPUMP IS VERY LOW ENERGY EFFICIENT PUMP
![Page 91: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
MOST COMMON METHODS OF ARTIFICIAL LIFT
1. GAS LIFT (GL)
2. SUCKER ROD PUMP (SRP)
3. ELECTRICAL SUBMERSSIBLE PUMP (ESP)
4. HYDRAULIC PUMP
![Page 92: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
MOST IMPORTANT FACTORS FOR CHOICE OF LIFT MODES
FOR VERY HIGH VOLUME OF PRODUCTION GL, ESP or HP
FOR VERY LOW VOLUME OF PRODUCTION SRP or IGL
FOR MODERATE VOLUME OF PRODUCTION GL, ESP, HP or SRP
FOR VERY DEEP WELL HP
![Page 93: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
TYPE OF LIFT REQUIRED IS INFLUENCED BY1. WHETHER CONVENTIONAL OR MULTIPLE COMPLETIONS2. PRODUCING LOCATION - ONSHORE, OFFSHORE, REMOTE LOCATIONS (IN ONSHORE / OFFSHORE)3. WEATHER CONDITIONS4. CORROSION5. FLUID PARAMETERS6. WELL DEPTH7. WELL CONDITIONS & PARAMETERS8. TOTAL RESERVOIR ASPECT9. DESIRED PRODUCTION RATE10. SERVICES AVAILABLE11. ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
![Page 94: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Oil FieldsOil Fields
OffshoreOffshore(Cont. G/L, ESP, Hyd. (Cont. G/L, ESP, Hyd. Jetpump, Hyd. Piston Jetpump, Hyd. Piston Pump)Pump)
OnshoreOnshore(G/L, ESP, SRP, Hyd. (G/L, ESP, SRP, Hyd. Jetpump, Hyd. Piston Jetpump, Hyd. Piston Pump)Pump)
Cont. G/LCont. G/L G/L, SRPG/L, SRP
![Page 95: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
ARTIFICAL LIFT SCENARIOARTIFICAL LIFT SCENARIO
WORLD ONGC*
Total oil wells - 846765 4476
Self flow wells - 55981 793
Art. Lift wells - 790784 3683
% of Art. Lift wells- 93.7% 82.2%
*01-04-2005
![Page 96: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
BREAK-UP AMONG ARTIFICIAL BREAK-UP AMONG ARTIFICIAL LIFT WELLSLIFT WELLS
WORLD ONGC(Aprl-2005) Wells % of total Wells % of Total
A/L Wells A/L Wells
SRP - 652706 82.5% 1708 46%
G/L - 67047 8.5% 1932 53%
ESP - 39195 4.96% 21 0.5 %
Hydraulic - 4472 0.05% 4 -
PCP - 27223 3.44% 18 0.5%
![Page 97: Intro Art Lift Final](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062522/5695d3641a28ab9b029dc1ce/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)