INTRO ANATOMY

8/8/2019 INTRO ANATOMY

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THE HUMAN BODY THE HUMAN BODY AN ORIENTATION AN ORIENTATION



DEFINITIONDEFINITION

ANATOMY ANATOMY

-- GrossGross-- MicroscopicMicroscopic

PHYSIOLOGY PHYSIOLOGY

-- different fields of physiologydifferent fields of physiology

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANATOMY ANDRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANATOMY AND

PHYSIOLOGY PHYSIOLOGY --structure determines what functions can takestructure determines what functions can takeplaceplace



LEVEL OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATIONLEVEL OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION

CELLSCELLS-- are the smallest units of all living of are the smallest units of all living of all living thingsall living things

atoms=cells=tissues=organ=system=organismatoms=cells=tissues=organ=system=organism



O RGAN SYSTEM OVE R V I EW:O RGAN SYSTEM OVE R V I EW:

1. INTEG UMENTA RY SYSTEM 1. I NTEG UMENTA RY SYSTEM

-- external covering of the body or the skinexternal covering of the body or the skin

-- it waterproofs the body and cushions andit waterproofs the body and cushions andprotects deeper tissues from injuryprotects deeper tissues from injury

-- excretes salt and urea via perspirationexcretes salt and urea via perspiration

-- regulate body temperatureregulate body temperature-- temperature, pressure and paintemperature, pressure and pain



2. SKELETAL SYSTEM2. SKELETAL SYSTEM

-- consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments andconsists of bones, cartilages, ligaments and joints joints

-- supports the body and provide frameworksupports the body and provide framework-- protective function (ex. skull)protective function (ex. skull)

-- hematopoiesishematopoiesis-- storehouse for mineralsstorehouse for minerals

3. MUSCULAR SYSTEM3. MUSCULAR SYSTEM

-- musclesmuscles-- movement ( contract and shorten)movement ( contract and shorten)



4. NERVOUS SYSTEM4. NERVOUS SYSTEM-- brain, spinal cord, nerves and sensorybrain, spinal cord, nerves and sensory

receptorsreceptors-- is the bodys fast is the bodys fast--acting control systemacting control system-- respond to different stimuli/irritantsrespond to different stimuli/irritants-- sensory receptors detect these stimuli andsensory receptors detect these stimuli and

send nerve impulses to the brainsend nerve impulses to the brain

5. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM5. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM-- controls body activities but act more slowlycontrols body activities but act more slowly

compared to the nervous systemcompared to the nervous system-- produce hormones to travel into different produce hormones to travel into different

target organstarget organs



6. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM6. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM-- heart and blood vesselsheart and blood vessels-- heart pumps blood to the different parts of heart pumps blood to the different parts of

the body for oxygenation via the blood vesselsthe body for oxygenation via the blood vessels

7.LYMPHATIC SYSTEM7

.LYMPHATIC SYSTEM-- lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and otherlymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other

lymphoid organs such as spleen and tonsilslymphoid organs such as spleen and tonsils-- lymphatic vessels return fluid leaked fromlymphatic vessels return fluid leaked from

the blood to the blood vessels so that blood can bethe blood to the blood vessels so that blood can bekept continuously circulating through the bodykept continuously circulating through the body-- lymph nodes cleanse the blood and houselymph nodes cleanse the blood and house

the cell involved in immunitythe cell involved in immunity



8. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM8. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM-- nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea,nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea,

bronchi, and lungs.bronchi, and lungs.-- respirationrespiration

9. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM9. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

-- oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small andoral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small andlarge intestines, rectumlarge intestines, rectum

-- digestion and metabolismdigestion and metabolism

10. URINARY SYSTEM10. URINARY SYSTEM-- kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethrakidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra-- removes waste from the body via urineremoves waste from the body via urine



11. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM11. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM-- varies in males and femalesvaries in males and females

-- penis, scrotum, accessory glands, andpenis, scrotum, accessory glands, andductsductsin malesin males

-- uterus, vagina, ovary in femalesuterus, vagina, ovary in females

-- produce offspringproduce offspring



MAINTAINING LIFEMAINTAINING LIFE

-- MOVEMENTMOVEMENT

-- RESPONSIVENESSRESPONSIVENESS

-- DIGESTIONDIGESTION

-- METABOLISMMETABOLISM

-- EXCRETIONEXCRETION

-- REPRODUCTIONREPRODUCTION-- GROWTHGROWTH



SURVIVAL NEEDSSURVIVAL NEEDS

-- OXYGENOXYGEN-- NUTRIENTSNUTRIENTS

-- WATER WATER

-- BODY TEMPERATUREBODY TEMPERATURE

-- ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

HOMEOSTASISHOMEOSTASIS

-- The bodys ability to maintain relatively stableThe bodys ability to maintain relatively stableinternal environment internal environment

HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCEHOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCE



L ANGUAGE OF ANATOMY L ANGUAGE OF ANATOMY

ANATOMIC A L PO SITION ANATOMIC A L PO SITION



DIRECTIONAL TERMSDIRECTIONAL TERMS ANTERIOR (ventral) ANTERIOR (ventral) -- in front of; front in front of; front

POSTERIOR (dorsal)POSTERIOR (dorsal) -- behind; at the back of behind; at the back of

SUPERIOR (cranial/cephalad)SUPERIOR (cranial/cephalad) -- towards the head; abovetowards the head; above

INFERIOR (caudal)INFERIOR (caudal) -- away from head; belowaway from head; below

MEDI ALMEDI AL -- towards or at the midline of the body; inner sidetowards or at the midline of the body; inner side

LATER ALLATER AL -- away from midline; on outer sideaway from midline; on outer sideINTERMEDI ATEINTERMEDI ATE -- between a medial and lateral structurebetween a medial and lateral structure

PROX IMALPROX IMAL -- close to origin of a body part; or the point of attachment close to origin of a body part; or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunkof a limb to the body trunk

DISTALDISTAL -- farther from the origin of a body part or the point of farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunkattachment of a limb to the body trunk

SUPERFICI ALSUPERFICI AL -- toward or at the body surfacetoward or at the body surface

DEEPDEEP away from the body surface; more internalaway from the body surface; more internal



BODY PLANES AND SECTIONS:BODY PLANES AND SECTIONS:

1. SAGITTAL PLANE1. SAGITTAL PLANE -- MIDSAGITTAL OR MEDI AN SECTIONMIDSAGITTAL OR MEDI AN SECTION

2. FRONTAL PLANE2. FRONTAL PLANE -- CORONAL SECTIONCORONAL SECTION

3. TR ANSVERSE PLANE3. TR ANSVERSE PLANE -- CROSS SECTIONCROSS SECTION

INTRO ANATOMY

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