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1.6 ECONOMICS OF THE MINERAL INDUSTRIES

1.6.1 MINERAL PRODUCTION

It has been estimated that on! a "#a$tion o" 1% o" the ea#th&s s'#"a$e is'nde#ain (ith mine#a de)osits o" $omme#$ia *a'e. F#om this #eso'#$e+ the

United States e,t#a$ted nea#! 6- biion in mine#a *a'es in 1/0 2/ biion

33

FI4URE 1.1. The #oe o" non"'e mine#as in the U.S e$onom! 5estimated *a'es in 17.

So'#$e0 U.S. 4eoo3! S'#*e! 517.

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8o#th o" ind'st#ia mine#as+ 2- biion (o#th o" $oa+ and 12 biion (o#th o"metas 5Nationa Minin3 Asso$iation+ 17. Additiona in"o#mation on the *a'eo" mine#as )#od'$tion in the United States $an be "o'nd in 93'#e 1.1 5U.S.4eoo3i$a S'#*e!+ 17. This 93'#e sho(s that the net *a'e o" s)o#ts o"non"'e mine#a #a( mate#ias and mate#ias )#o$essed "#om mine#as has a

*a'e o" abo't :; biion )e# ann'm. In addition+ abo't :;;+--- )eo)e a#eem)o!ed b! the minin3 ind'st#! in the United States+ and e*e#! man+ (oman+and the $hid in this $o'nt#! #ee#s and hea*!ma$hine#! "o# o'# a3#i$'t'#a o't)'t= ind'st#ia mine#as "o# homes b'idin3

)#od'$ts= and $oa?9#ed and n'$ea# )ants "o# o'# ee$t#i$a )o(e#. Theseh'man and ind'st#ia se#*i$es in t'#n de)end on the )#od'$tion o" mine#as andmine#as )#od'$ts in 3#eat amo'nts.

The United States )#od'$es a *e#! a#3e tonna3e o" mine#as )#od'$ts+ b't ithas ne*e#theess be$ome a ma@o# and 3#o(in3 im)o#te# o" mine#as+ as sho(nin Fi3'#e 1.2. This $o'nt#! no( im)o#ts mo#e than /-% o" its )otash+ $h#omi'm+t'n3sten+ tin+ and $obat+ )'s amost a 5bette# than -%7 o" its 'o#s)a#+man3anese+ and a'min'm o#e. Atho'3h it has in$#eased im)o#ts o"

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FI4URE 1.2. U.S. net im)o#t #eian$e "o# see$ted non"'e mine#a mate#ias in 1.

So'#$e0 U.S. 4eoo3i$a S'#*e! 517

man! mine#as+ the United States is aso )#od'$in3 mo#e o" the )atin'm 3#o')metas+ 3od+ and diamonds.

Conse#*ation o" mine#a #eso'#$es is $'##ent! an im)o#tant iss'e to the3ene#a )'bi$. So$iet! is be$omin3 m'$h mo#e $o3ni>ant o" the need to$onse#*e ene#3!+ mine#as+ and the en*i#onment. A$$o#din3!+ the minin3ind'st#! has endo#sed a )oi$! that "a*o#s e,t#a$tion o" mine#as In a mo#es'stainabe manne# 5Nationa Minin3 Asso$iation 17. This )oi$! "a*o#s

minin3 as on3 as the eBe$ts on the en*i#onment o# the e$onomi$ (e"a#e a#enot a b'#den on "'t'#e 3ene#ations. E,t#eme $onse#*ationist 3#o')s o"tenattem)t to )'sh "o# )'niti*e #e3'ato#! $ont#os o" minin3 a$ti*ities and e*en aban on minin3. Ho(e*e#+ so$ieta needs di$tate that a $om)#omise bet(eenthe most st#ident $onse#*ationist *ie()oint and the most o)en mine#ade*eo)ment $on$e)t be ado)ted "o# the )#esent and the "'t'#e. This te,tattem)ts to )#esent a baan$ed a))#oa$h to minin3 in the en*i#onmenta (o#din (hi$h (e i*e.

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1.6 ECONOMA DE LAS INDUSTRIAS MINERALES PRODUCCIN1.6.1 PRODUCCIN MINERAL

Se ha estimado

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)a#a as 3ene#a$iones "'t'#as. 4#')os $onse#*a$ionistas e,t#emas a men'dointentan )#esiona# )a#a