Intracellular Cations.pptx

8/22/2019 Intracellular Cations.pptx

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IntracellularCationsMabalatan, Joy C.


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Intracellular Cations

Sodium

Potassium

Calcium

Magnesium

Iron

Hydrogen


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Potassium

Potassium is the major intracellular cation.

Maintenance of a high intracellularpotassium concentration is essential formany cellular processes including DNAand protein synthesis, cell growth and

apoptosis, mitochondrial enzymefunction, and conservation of cell volumeand pH.


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Potassium

Approximately 98% of the total body

potassium content is located within cells,primarily muscle, where its concentrationranges from 100-150 mEq/L.

Hyperkalemia and sometimeshypokalemia must be consideredmedical emergencies


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Sodium Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol

Na (from Latin: natrium) and atomic number11.

It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metaland is a member of the alkali metals

Sodium is the sixth most abundant element inthe Earth's crust, and exists in numerousminerals such as feldspars, sodalite and rocksalt.


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Sodium Sodium is an important

component in thehuman body.Controlled levels ofsodium are highlysignificant to ournervous system. It alsohelps our brain to work.

Such an impact of theelement in our brainand our nervous system


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The human diet has a requirement of 1.5grams of sodium intake everyday. Too

much salt in the body can cause healthdysfunctions the same way that lack of itor a deficiency can cause healthproblems.


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Sodium

Sodium chloride

Sodium Fluoride

Metallic Sodium


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Calcium

Calcium is the chemical element withsymbol Ca and atomic number 20.

Calcium is a soft gray alkaline earthmetal, and is the fifth-most-abundantelement by mass in the Earth's crust.


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Calcium

Calcium is essential for livingorganisms, in particular in cellphysiology, where movementof the calcium ion Ca2+ intoand out of the cytoplasmfunctions as a signal for manycellular processes.

It is a material used inmineralization of bone, teeth

and shells, calcium is the mostabundant metal by mass inmany animals.


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Magnesium

Magnesium is a chemical element withthe symbol Mg and atomic number 12. Its

common oxidation number is +2. It is analkaline earth metal and the eighth mostabundant element in the Earth's crus


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Magnesium

It play a major role inmanipulating importantbiological polyphosphatecompounds like ATP, DNA, andRNA.

Magnesium compounds areused medicinally as commonlaxatives, antacids (e.g., milk ofmagnesia), and in a number of

situations where stabilization ofabnormal nerve excitation andblood vessel spasm


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Iron

Iron is a chemical element with thesymbol Fe (from Latin: ferrum) and atomic

number 26. It is a metal in the firsttransition series. It is the most commonelement (by mass) forming the planetEarth as a whole, forming much of Earth's

outer and inner core.


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Iron

Iron plays an important role inbiology, forming complexeswith molecular oxygen inhemoglobin and myoglobin;these two compounds arecommon oxygen transportproteins in vertebrates. Iron isalso the metal used at theactive site of many important

redox enzymes dealing withcellular respiration andoxidation and reduction inplants and animals.


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Hydrogen Hydrogen is a chemical element with

chemical symbol H and atomic number 1.With an atomic weight of 1.00794 u, hydrogen

is the lightest element and its monatomic form(H) is the most abundant chemical substance.

Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless,non-toxic, nonmetallic, highly combustiblediatomic gas with the molecular formula H2.

Most of the hydrogen on Earth is in moleculessuch as water and organic compoundsbecause hydrogen readily forms covalentcompounds with most non-metallic elements.


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Hydrogen Hydrogen plays a particularly important role in

acidbase chemistry with many reactions

exchanging protons between solublemolecules. In ionic compounds, it can take anegative charge (an anion known as ahydride and written as H), or as a positivelycharged species H+. The latter cation iswritten as though composed of a bareproton, but in reality, hydrogen cations inionic compounds always occur as morecomplex species.

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